1066 - Andrew Bridgeford [134]
3 Sources
1 For a detailed survey, see Gransden, Historical Writing in England.
2 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Accounts of the Norman invasion are found in version 'E', which is considered to have been written at St Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury, and version 'D', which was probably written at Worcester. Manuscript 'C', from Abingdon, ends in 1066.
3 Life of King Edward.
4 William of Jumieges, Gesta Normannorum, ed. and tr. by E. M. C. van Houts.
5 William of Poitiers, Gesta Guillelmi. William of Poitiers was a Norman. The designation 'of Poitiers' refers to where he was educated.
6 Carmen de Hastingae Proelio, ed. and tr. by F. Barlow.
7 Eadmer, Eadmer's History, tr. by G. Bosanquet.
8 William of Malmesbury, Gesta Regum Anglorum; Henry of Huntingdon, Historia Anglorum; Orderic Vitalis, Ecelesiasheal History; Wace, Roman de Rou.
9 Orderic Vitalis, Ecclesiastical History, IV, p. 95.
4 Stitches in Time
1 The following account is indebted to S. A. Brown, Bayeux Tapestry: History and Bibliography, pp. 1-22.
2 Baudri, Oeuvres poetiques; the relevant section of the Adelae Comitis-sae is translated by Michael Herren in Brown, Bayeux Tapestry: History and Bibliography, Appendix III; on the probability of Baudri having seen the Bayeux Tapestry, see Brown and Herren, 'The Adelae Comitissae of Baudri de Bourgeuil'.
3 Quoted in Wilson, Bayeux Tapestry, p. 12.
4 Quoted in S. A. Brown, Bayeux Tapestry: History and Bibliography, p. 4.
5 Montfaucon, Monuments, II, p. 2.
6 Ducarel, Anglo-Norman Antiquities, pp. 79-80.
7 Hume, History of England.
8 Barre et al., La Tapisserie de la reine Mathilde, comedie, en un acte
9 Stothard, 'Some Observations on the Bayeux Tapestry'.
10 Dubosq, La Tapisserie de Bayeux: dix annees tragiques, p. 21.
11 Dibdin, A Bibliographical, Antiquarian and Picturesque Tour, I, p. 248.
12 Dubosq, La Tapisserie de Bayeux: dix annees tragiques, and S. A. Brown, Bayeux Tapestry: History and Bibliography, pp. 17-20.
13 Nicholas, Rape of Europa, p. 285.
14 Von Choltitz, 'Pourquoi, en 1944, je n'ai pas detruit Paris'.
15 The attempt of the SS men to take the Bayeux Tapestry is briefly portrayed in the fact-based 1966 film Is Paris Burning? starring Jean Paul Belmondo, Yves Montand and Orson Welles and based on a book by Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre.
5 The Strange Journey of Harold Godwinson
1 On Edward and Harold, see Barlow, Edward the Confessor; Barlow, The Godwins; Walker, Harold.
2 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (D), 1063.
3 Brooke, The Saxon and Norman Kings, pp. 25ff.
4 Harald Hardrada's claim was based on a treaty entered into in the 1030s between King Harthacanute of Denmark and Magnus, Harald Hardrada's predecessor as King of Norway. It was apparently agreed that if either died childless the survivor would inherit the deceased's domain. Harthacanute was at that time not yet king in England, although he did become king in 1040. He died childless in 1042 and was succeeded in England by Edward the Confessor.
5 McLynn, 1066, chapter 3.
6 For William the Conqueror, see the biographies of Bates, Douglas and de Bouard listed in the bibliography to this book.
7 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (D), 1051 (literally 1052). William of Poitiers (Gesta Guillelmi, p. 121), writing after the Conquest, states that Archbishop Stigand and Earls Godwin, Leofric and Siward formally consented around this time to William succeeding. The several problems with this later contention are discussed by Barlow, Edward the Confessor, pp. 107-9.
8 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (D), 1057.
9 Walker, Harold, pp. 8Iff.
10 Barlow, Edward the Confessor, p. 58.
11 Gesta Guillelmi, p. 69.
12 Orderic Vitalis, Ecclesiastical History, II, p. 199.
13 The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (E) 1052 states that Edward and Godwin both took hostages as part of the negotiations for their settlement in September 1052. Eadmer (History, p. 6) is quite clear that Wulfnoth and Hakon were handed over at this time and that they were merely transported to Normandy (presumably without Godwin's consent) for safekeeping.