137 - Arthur I. Miller [162]
———. 1992. The Joy of Insight: Passions of a Physicist. New York: Basic Books.
Wentzel, Gregor. 1960. “Quantum Theory of Fields (until 1947).” In M. Fierz and V. F. Weisskopf, eds., Theoretical Physics in the Twentieth Century: A memorial volume to Wolfgang Pauli (New York: Wiley), pp. 48–77.
Westman, Robert. 1984. “Nature, Art and Psyche: Jung, Pauli, and the Kepler-Fludd Polemic.” in Brian Vickers, ed., Occult and Scientific Mentalities in the Renaissance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 177–229.
Wilhelm, Richard. 1923. I Ching: or Book of Changes. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. Translated by C.F. Baynes from the German edition of 1923 with a Foreword by C. G. Jung. All references are to the English-language version.
———. 1929. The Secret of the Golden Flower: Chinese book of life (London: Kegan, Paul: 1954). Translated from Chinese and explained by Richard Wilhelm with a foreword and commentary by C. G. Jung. Translated by Cary F. Baynes from the German edition of 1929.
Illustration Credits
Chapter 1 • Dangerously Famous
Familien-Archiv Jung Küsnacht (hereafter FCGJ).
Clark University Archives.
Stiftung der Werke von C. G. Jung (hereafter SWCJ).
SWCJ.
Chapter 2 • Early Successes, Early Failures
AIP Emilio Segré Visual Archives, Physics Today Collection.
Chapter 5 • Intermezzo—Three versus Four
(Kepler) AIP Emilio Segré Visual Archives.
(Brahe) AIP Emilio Segré Visual Archives, Brittle Books Collection.
Copyright and permission of the Library and Museum of Freemasonry.
Chapter 6 • Pauli, Heisenberg, and the Great Quantum Breakthrough
AIP Emilio Segré Visual Archives / Gift of Jost Lemmerich.
Chapter 7 • Mephistopheles
Courtesy Karl von Meyenn.
Niels Bohr Archive.
Chapter 8 • The Dark Hunting Ground of the Mind
FCGJ.
Chapter 9 • Mandalas
Courtesy of William Byers-Brown and Suzanne Gieser.
Chapter 10 • The Superior Man Sets His Life in Order
CERN Archive.
Chapter 15 • The Mysterious Number 137
University of Chicago, courtesy AIP Emilio Segré Visual Archives.
Courtesy Roy Glauber.
Notes
Courtesy Norman Ramsey.
* In fact, the number Sommerfeld initially calculated for the fine structure was 0.00729. The road to how and why it was rewritten as 1/137 will unfold in later chapters.
* It was Wolfgang Pauli, Mach’s godson, who passed the comment on to Jung, no doubt to his amusement. P/J [60P], March 31, 1953.
* Planck’s constant—6.63 × 10–34 Joule-seconds (a Joule is a unit of energy, just as a mile is a unit of length)—is a measure of size of the discrete packets, or quanta, of energy emitted in the world of the atom. The significance of its smallness is indicative of the small scale at which quantum effects occur.
This measure lay at the core of the new quantum theory that Max Planck discovered at the turn of the twentieth century. The speed of light—three hundred million meters per second—was the signature of relativity theory, which describes nature in the large. At the other end of the scale, Bohr demonstrated how Planck’s constant shaped the world of the atom—nature in the small. Planck’s constant determines the Planck length—1.61 × 10–35 meters—the smallest conceivable length in physics. It is the length at which quantum effects take over. The Planck length is a combination of Planck’s constant, the universal gravitational constant from Newton’s law of gravity (6.67 ×10–11 (meter)3/[kilogram × (second)2]), and the velocity of light. To get some idea of its smallness, if a single atom were expanded until it was the size of the entire universe, the Planck length would be just four feet long.
* The term symmetry has a very specific meaning in physics. When an equation remains the same even when its mathematical symbols are altered it is said to possess symmetry. The equation for a sphere remains the same if each point on the sphere is reversed; a sphere is still a sphere even when looked at in a mirror.
* In quantum physics “statistics” can refer to whether the wave function