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Push

The Push Space Warp accelerates objects in the direction of the Space Warp's icon from the large cylinder to the small cylinder. Many of the parameters for the Push Space Warp are similar to those for the Motor Space Warp. Using the Parameters rollout, you can specify the force Strength in units of newtons or pounds.

The Feedback On option causes the force to change as the object's speed changes, except that it deals with Target Speed instead of Target Revolution like the Motor Space Warp does.

The push force can also be set to include Periodic Variations that are the same as with the Motor Space Warp. Figure 42.3 shows the Push Space Warp pushing the particles being emitted from the Super Spray particle system.

FIGURE 42.2

You can use the Motor Space Warp to apply a twisting force to particles and dynamic objects.

FIGURE 42.3

You can use the Push Space Warp to apply a controlled force to particles and dynamic objects.

Vortex

You can use the Vortex Space Warp on particle systems to make particles spin around in a spiral like going down a whirlpool. You can use the Timing settings to set the beginning and ending frames where the effect takes place.

You can also specify Taper Length and Taper values, which determine the shape of the vortex. Lower Taper Length values wind the vortex tighter, and the Taper Curve values can range between 1.0 and 4.0 and control the ratio between the spiral diameter at the top of the vortex versus the bottom of the vortex.

The Axial Drop value specifies how far each turn of the spiral is from the adjacent turn. The Damping value sets how quickly the Axial Drop value takes effect. The Orbital Speed is how fast the particles rotate away from the center. The Radial Pull value is the distance from the center of each spiral path that the particles can rotate. If the Unlimited Range option is disabled, then Range and Falloff values are included for each setting. You can also specify whether the vortex spins clockwise or counterclockwise.

Figure 42.4 shows a Vortex Space Warp being bound to a particle system.

FIGURE 42.4

You can use the Vortex Space Warp to force a particle system into a spiral like a whirlpool.

Drag

Drag is another common force that can be simulated with a Space Warp. The Drag Space Warp can be Linear, Spherical, or Cylindrical. This Space Warp causes particle velocity to be decreased, such as when simulating air resistance or fluid viscosity. Use the Time On and Time Off options to set the frame where the Space Warp is in effect.

For each of the Damping shape types—Linear, Spherical, and Cylindrical—you can set the drag, which can be along each axis for the Linear shape or in the Radial, Tangential, and Axial direction for the Spherical and Cylindrical shapes. If the Unlimited Range option is not selected, then the Range and Falloff values are available.

Figure 42.5 shows a Drag Space Warp surrounding a particle system. Notice how the particles are slowed and moved to the side as they pass through the Drag space warp.

FIGURE 42.5

You can use the Drag Space Warp to slow the velocity of particles.

PBomb

The PBomb (particle bomb) Space Warp was designed specifically for the PArray particle system, but it can be used with any particle system. To blow up an object with the PBomb Space Warp, create an object, make it a PArray emitter, and then bind the PBomb Space Warp to the PArray.

Cross-Reference

You can find more information on the PArray particle system in Chapter 41, “Creating Particles and Particle Flow.” •

Basic parameters for this Space Warp include three blast symmetry types: Spherical, Cylindrical, and Planar. You can also set the Chaos value as a percentage.

In the Explosion Parameters section, the Start Time is the frame where the explosion takes place, and the Duration defines how long the explosion forces are applied. The Strength value is the power of the explosion.

A Range value can be set to determine the extent of the explosion. It is measured from the center of the Space Warp icon.