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• Classic-Fiction

(B) slowed digestion and accelerated heartbeat

(C) increased respiration and increased salivation

(D) contracted pupils and increased heartbeat

(E) dilated pupils and speeded digestion

39. Of the following, which means of communication is the most universal?

(A) English language

(B) hand gestures

(C) facial expressions

(D) vocal intonation

(E) bowing

40. A person with X, X, and Y sex chromosomes must be

(A) heterosexual

(B) homosexual

(C) bisexual

(D) male

(E) female

41. According to Lev Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, the upper limit of a child’s zone of proximal development is the level at which the child can

(A) solve a problem only with the help of a skilled instructor

(B) solve a difficult problem working alone

(C) recognize that the volume of a liquid stays the same whether it is in a tall, narrow container or short, wide container

(D) use metacognitive skills to solve a problem

(E) perform logical deductions

42. Chemicals that cause birth defects are

(A) morphogenic

(B) homophobic

(C) homeostatic

(D) teratogenic

(E) pathogenic

43. Which controversy deals with the question of whether development is a gradual, cumulative change or a sequence of distinct stages?

(A) nature versus nurture

(B) continuity versus discontinuity

(C) stability versus change

(D) evolution versus creationism

(E) individualism versus collectivism

44. Darren is a happily married man who is a successful nursery school teacher. According to traditionalists, he has adopted the wrong

(A) gender

(B) gender identity

(C) gender role

(D) sex

(E) sexual orientation

45. Freud’s personality construct that contains psychic energy to power all personality systems and is guided by the pleasure principle is the

(A) id

(B) ego

(C) superego

(D) libido

(E) collective unconscious

46. After Rowena’s boyfriend broke up with her, Rowena had a hot fudge sundae with four scoops of ice cream and whipped cream on top. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

(A) projection

(B) rationalization

(C) reaction formation

(D) regression

(E) displacement

47. Aurora enjoys playing with her young nieces and nephews because they always laugh and tell her how much fun she is. So Aurora goes out of her way to visit them. Her behavior is best explained by

(A) Sternberg’s triarchic theory

(B) Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory

(C) Hering’s opponent process theory

(D) the halo effect

(E) Bandura’s reciprocal determinism theory

48. Rolf is very reserved, is inner-directed, would rather be alone than with lots of people, rarely displays emotions, and is level-headed in an emergency. On Hans Eysenck’s dimensions of personality, Rolf would be

(A) high on extroversion and high on psychoticism

(B) high on neuroticism and high on psychoticism

(C) high on extroversion and low on neuroticism

(D) low on extroversion and high on neuroticism

(E) low on extroversion and low on neuroticism

49. The Rorschach inkblot test is

(A) a personality inventory

(B) used to fingerprint suspects

(C) an aptitude test

(D) an achievement test

(E) a projective personality test

50. In a normal distribution

(A) the range is always the same

(B) the standard deviation is equal to the range

(C) the standard deviation equals about 34%

(D) the median is equal to the mode

(E) the mean is equal to the standard deviation

51. Peter Salovey and John Mayer’s concept of emotional intelligence is most similar to which of Howard Gardner’s intelligences?

(A) analytic and practical

(B) naturalist and existential

(C) interpersonal and intrapersonal

(D) bodily/kinesthetic and verbal/linguistic

(E) spatial and logical

52. All good achievement tests should have

I. content validity

II. predictive validity

III. reliability

(A) I only

(B) II only

(C) III only

(D) I and III only

(E) I, II, and III

53. All polar bears appear to have a white coat at birth.