5 Steps to a 5 AP Psychology, 2010-2011 Edition - Laura Lincoln Maitland [14]
(A) cognitive dissonance
(B) foot-in-the-door phenomenon
(C) obedience to authority
(D) normative social influence
(E) conformity
66. As part of each lab, Ms. Geraci requires her students to wash their glassware so it is clean for the next class. She has found that the glassware is cleaner when students wash it in full view of their classmates. This is best explained by
(A) deindividuation
(B) the mere exposure effect
(C) social facilitation
(D) social loafing
(E) superordinate goals
67. In Heartsaver AED training, the American Heart Association teaches rescuers to direct specific people standing around the victim to do specific jobs, such as calling 911. Directing specific people to perform these jobs prevents
(A) the victim from dying
(B) people from feeling scared
(C) group polarization
(D) the bystander effect
(E) a social trap
68. According to group polarization studies, after Mary and Marie (who are strongly in favor of the death penalty) discuss the issue with Lisa and Liza (who are strongly opposed to the death penalty), it is likely that
(A) all of them will be more strongly in favor of the death penalty
(B) all of them will be more strongly opposed to the death penalty
(C) Mary and Marie will be more strongly in favor of the death penalty than before, and Lisa and Liza will be more strongly opposed to the death penalty than before
(D) Mary and Marie will be less strongly in favor of the death penalty, and Lisa and Liza will be less strongly opposed to the death penalty
(E) Mary and Marie will be opposed to the death penalty, and Lisa and Liza will be in favor of the death penalty
69. The field of psychology that examines how the behavior and subjective experiences of individuals are influenced by other people is
(A) sociobiology
(B) sociology
(C) social psychology
(D) social anthropology
(E) psychopathology
70. According to evolutionary psychologists, in making a decision to help in life-or-death situations, most people will choose to help
(A) cousins sooner than siblings
(B) ill people rather than healthy people
(C) poor people rather than wealthy people
(D) close friends rather than close relatives
(E) sisters in their 20s rather than mothers in their 50s
SECTION II
Time—22 minutes
Directions: Read the following question and then write your response on a separate sheet of paper. According to the College Board directions, “It is not enough to answer a question by merely listing facts. You should present a cogent argument based on your critical analysis of the question posed, using appropriate psychological terminology.”
A controversy in psychology about which psychologists have differing views is continuity versus discontinuity. Describe what is meant by continuity versus discontinuity. Explain how theories of cognitive development and personality development support each side of the controversy.
END OF DIAGNOSTIC EXAM
Answers and Explanations
1. C—(Chapter 5) The evolutionary approach looks at behaviors that have resulted from natural selection. Natural selection operates at the population or species level; an organism doesn’t evolve, a population or species does.
2. D—(Chapter 5) The humanistic approach views human nature as naturally positive and growth seeking.
3. B—(Chapter 5) While both counseling and clinical psychologists treat people, only clinical psychologists are trained to help people suffering from psychoses and other severe mental disorders.
4. D—(Chapter 6) The form with 30 questions is a questionnaire. Questionnaires and interviews are survey methods.
5. B—(Chapter 6) While people for the study can be randomly chosen from the population, they cannot be divided into the experimental and control groups without considering their sex. If sex must be considered, the subjects cannot be randomly assigned.
6. E—(Chapter 6) A scatterplot shows points on a graph.