5 Steps to a 5 AP Psychology, 2010-2011 Edition - Laura Lincoln Maitland [154]
• Autism can be an extremely serious childhood disorder. Diagnosis is based on three primary symptoms that become evident early in life: lack of responsiveness to other people, impairment in verbal and nonverbal communications, and very limited activities and interests. Children with autism engage in repetitive behaviors.
• Eating disorders have become more common, especially in adolescent females in North America and Western Europe. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by a weight of less than 85% of normal, abnormally restrictive food consumption, and an unrealistic body image. No matter how emaciated they become, people with anorexia still think they are fat and may continue to lose weight, which can result in death. Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by a pattern of eating binges involving intake of thousands of calories, followed by purging by either vomiting or using laxatives. Following the purge, people with bulimia typically feel guilty, self-critical, and depressed. Purging can cause sore throat, swollen glands, loss of tooth enamel, nutritional deficiencies, dehydration, and intestinal damage.
Review Questions
Directions: For each question, choose the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Hani was unable to tell the difference between right and wrong. Which of the following definitions of abnormal behavior is described in this example?
(A) maladaptive
(B) insanity
(C) commitment
(D) statistical
(E) personal
2. The behavioral approach attributes the cause of abnormal behavior to
(A) internal conflict from early childhood trauma
(B) the result of neurochemical imbalances
(C) poor self-concept
(D) reinforcement of maladaptive behaviors learned through experience
(E) irrational and illogical perceptions of reality
3. Which of the following best characterizes a person experiencing obsessive-compulsive disorder?
(A) Anna, who hyperventilates whenever she is trapped in an elevator
(B) Ben, who returns home seven times to see if he has turned off the stove
(C) Katia, who complains constantly about feeling sick and goes to many different doctors
(D) Kabir, who keeps remembering the plane crash that killed the other members of his family
(E) Miguel, who wanders about town in a daze, not sure who he is or how he got there
4. A soldier who experiences sudden blindness after seeing his buddies killed in battle is best diagnosed with
(A) a phobic disorder
(B) hypochondriasis
(C) bipolar disorder
(D) dissociative fugue
(E) conversion disorder
5. A common feature among people diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder is
(A) early childhood sexual or physical abuse
(B) repeated physical complaints
(C) relatives suffering from bipolar disorder
(D) excess of dopamine
(E) hallucinations and delusions
6. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the manic state of bipolar disorder?
(A) inflated ego
(B) excessive talking
(C) shopping sprees
(D) fearlessness
(E) too much sleep
7. Paranoid personality disorder is characterized by
(A) unwarranted suspiciousness and mistrust of other people
(B) lack of interest in social relationships
(C) unusual preoccupation with rules and schedules
(D) instability revolving around problems of mood and thought processes
(E) pleasure-seeking, shallow feelings, lack of conscience
8. When Herb physically abuses his dates, he considers himself good with the ladies, has little remorse for his actions, and has had repeated trouble with authority figures. His likely diagnosis is
(A) autism
(B) narcissistic personality disorder
(C) antisocial personality disorder
(D) borderline personality disorder
(E) schizophrenia
9. A delusion is a
(A) phobia of being in social situations
(B) misperception