5 Steps to a 5 AP Psychology, 2010-2011 Edition - Laura Lincoln Maitland [164]
Community and Preventive Approaches
With deinstitutionalization came the problem of how to help patients released from mental hospitals and an ever-growing number of other people in need of aid in local communities. The vast increase in the homeless population, many of whom have symptoms of schizophrenia, has posed a problem that has not been solved. Yet these problems have led to the rise of a relatively new subfield of psychology, community psychology. Community psychologists aim to promote psychosocial change to prevent psychological disorders as well as to treat people with psychopathologies in their local communities.
As part of the community mental health movement of the 1960s, local clinics cropped up. With continued funding problems, these local clinics try to provide both treatment and preventive services. One of their major goals is to treat people with psychological problems to prevent them from getting worse and help them recover. They address unemployment, poverty, overcrowding, and other stressful social problems that can affect mental health. Other initiatives include prenatal and follow-up well-baby care, dissemination of information on sexually transmitted diseases, suicide prevention programs, child abuse prevention, and training of paraprofessionals to help community members cope with emergency situations. They hold free screenings for depression and anxiety, sponsor suicide hotlines, and provide outreach programs for at-risk children and teens.
Review Questions
Directions: For each question, choose the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Jenna is telling her therapist about the dream she had last night and her therapist begins to interpret it for her. Which approach to psychotherapy does Jenna’s therapist probably represent?
(A) group
(B) behavioral
(C) Gestalt
(D) cognitive
(E) biomedical
2. In contrast to a clinical psychologist, a psychiatrist is more likely to
(A) engage in an eclectic approach
(B) use a biomedical treatment
(C) recognize the importance of group therapy with patients having the same disorder
(D) treat clients in community mental health centers exclusively
(E) see patients with less serious mental health problems
3. Which of the following disorders is most likely to be treated with electroconvulsive therapy as a last resort?
(A) schizophrenia
(B) obsessive-compulsive disorder
(C) dissociative identity disorder
(D) major depression
(E) antisocial personality disorder
4. Tommy came to Dr. Chambers seeking help with his fear of heights. First, Dr. Chambers asked Tommy to list all of the situations concerning heights that led to his fear response. After they had ordered them from least fear-provoking to most fear-provoking, Dr. Chambers had Tommy listen to soothing music and slowly relaxed him as he imagined each step. Which of the following best describes Dr. Chambers’s treatment?
(A) the exposure technique of flooding
(B) systematic desensitization
(C) rational emotive therapy
(D) aversive conditioning
(E) the social cognitive technique of modeling
5. The goal of psychoanalytic therapy is
(A) to change maladaptive behavior to more socially acceptable behavior
(B) to change negative thinking into more positive attributions
(C) to attain self-actualization
(D) to unite the mind and body elements into a whole
(E) to bring unconscious conflicts to conscious awareness and gain insight
6. Proactive preventive services available from many community mental health centers include all of the following EXCEPT
(A) 24-hour hotline services
(B) mental health screening for depression
(C) prenatal care for mothers