5 Steps to a 5 AP Psychology, 2010-2011 Edition - Laura Lincoln Maitland [166]
2. B—Psychiatrists are medical doctors who can prescribe medications and are more likely to use a somatic treatment than to utilize another psychotherapy. Clinical psychologists are often eclectic and have good training in many of the therapies currently used.
3. D—Major depression. For patients who are potentially suicidal, ECT can be a fairly quick and effective treatment. Its mechanism in the brain is still not entirely understood.
4. B—Dr. Chambers first worked with Tommy to create an anxiety hierarchy of Tommy’s fears, and then attempted to use the counterconditioning therapy of systematic desensitization to prevent the phobic response, which is incompatible with relaxation.
5. E—The goal of psychoanalysis is to uncover the hidden childhood trauma and make this unconscious conflict conscious so that the patient can gain insight into the problem. Psychoanalysis does not offer a cure; rather it offers the patient better understanding of the source of the problem.
6. D—Psychoanalytic therapy is a long, expensive type of therapy that cannot be provided at community mental health centers.
7. C—Deinstitutionalization was intended to result in better services for patients closer to their homes. Unexpectedly, former clients did not continue to seek out services and went off their medications. They now are part of the growing homeless population in America, making up 40% of that adult population according to some estimates. Many are suffering from some form of schizophrenia.
8. A—Vic is most likely engaging in client-centered or person-centered therapy. Therapists take a nondirective approach and encourage clients to discuss their feelings in a nonjudgmental setting. Through active listening, therapists help clients become aware of their feelings, clarify their emotions, and take responsibility for future growth toward full potential.
9. E—Prozac is one of a category of drugs called SSRIs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. By increasing the length of time serotonin stays in the synaptic cleft, serotonin becomes more available. Many sufferers of depression see mood improvement in about 2 weeks. The SSRIs have fewer side effects than the older tricyclic and MAO inhibitors.
10. B—Group therapy is effective for all of the reasons given, with the exception that it does utilize a trained professional. Psychotherapists are necessary in this dynamic process to give needed direction and counseling to all involved clients.
11. C—REBT, devised by Albert Ellis, can be a very confrontational cognitive treatment. The hope is that by facing the irrationality of their belief systems, clients like Drew will become more rational in how they view the world.
12. B—Antabuse is an aversive therapy because of the punishing effects of the nausea, which, through repeated pairings, leads to the extinction of the desire for alcohol. As in all classically conditioned therapies, occasional pairing of the alcohol and Antabuse will be necessary to maintain its effectiveness over the long term.
13. A—A psychiatrist would prescribe lithium carbonate for Andre’s symptoms of bipolar disorder. Though the chemical nature of mania is not completely understood, the metal lithium is effective with many patients. However, care must be taken to avoid lithium poisoning. Some patients might still suffer depressive symptoms, and a combination of an antidepressant drug with lithium is often used.
14. E—Both medical doctors, Galen and Hippocrates pursued the belief that imbalances in the body were the bases for abnormal behavior, much as the biomedical approach today believes that neurochemical and hormonal balances underlie disorders.
15. A—Though there have been conflicting individual studies, meta-analysis of 475 studies found that psychotherapy was effective in treating psychological disorders. Although cognitive-behavioral approaches to therapy are popular today for treating a wide variety of disorders, no single treatment has been found more effective for all types of mental health problems.
Rapid Review
Professionals who treat people