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War II, millions of Jews and other minorities were slaughtered because they were blamed for the financial and social problems of Germany. Such scapegoating illustrates

(A) sour grapes rationalization

(B) displacement

(C) sweet lemons rationalization

(D) projection

(E) reaction formation

52. Of the following, which provides the most valid and reliable data about individuals as they progress through various stages of development?

(A) cross-sectional studies

(B) surveys

(C) transactional analysis

(D) longitudinal studies

(E) correlational studies

53. As the time for the AP Psychology exam approached, several students in the class who had not been doing homework or attending classes earlier in the term became more concerned about studying and attending regularly. Their motivation seems to be

(A) intrinsic

(B) extrinsic

(C) instinctive

(D) pessimistic

(E) homeostatic

54. A classically conditioned response can best be eliminated by presentation of

(A) the unconditioned stimulus without the conditioned stimulus

(B) the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus

(C) a neutral stimulus

(D) conditioned stimulus a few seconds before the unconditioned stimulus

(E) unconditioned response

55. The scores of Brian’s team on the quiz were: 8, 6, 9, 7, 10, 9, 5, 4, 9. The median of the team’s scores is

(A) 9

(B) 8

(C) 7.5

(D) 7

(E) 6

56. What type of test is the Advanced Placement Examination in Psychology?

(A) aptitude

(B) projective

(C) achievement

(D) intelligence

(E) individual

57. Functionally, receptors in the retina of the eye differ most from receptors in the cochlea of the ear in the

(A) magnitude of the resting potentials of their membranes

(B) ions involved in their action potentials

(C) types of energy they transduce

(D) number of axons each cell possesses

(E) ability to reproduce

58. Irrelevant thoughts that provide stimulation when your interest is flagging, letting you experience positive emotions, are

(A) nonconscious

(B) unconscious

(C) daydreams

(D) delusions

(E) circadian

59. Which of the following contributes most directly to people’s exaggerated perceptions of the likelihood of air travel disasters, nuclear power accidents, and terrorist violence?

(A) belief perseverance

(B) the framing effect

(C) overconfidence

(D) the representativeness heuristic

(E) the availability heuristic

60. According to Whorf’s linguistic relativity hypothesis,

(A) we have an innate language acquisition device

(B) apes do not have language because they don’t use proper syntax

(C) we tend to observe and imitate models

(D) language determines the way we think

(E) rewarding good behavior increases its frequency

61. A severely overweight rat would most likely result from lesioning of the

(A) hippocampus

(B) thalamus

(C) hypothalamus

(D) amygdala

(E) pineal gland

62. Maria, a bright high school student, fears success. To which of the following colleges would she most likely apply?

(A) Harvard, Stanford, and the local community college

(B) Stanford, Oxford, and the most competitive state college in her state

(C) the local community college and distant community colleges

(D) Harvard, Yale, and Stanford

(E) the most competitive state college in her state and in other states

63. A projective test with ambiguous pictures that are frequently used to assess achievement motivation is the

(A) Thematic Apperception Test

(B) Rorschach inkblot test

(C) WAIS-R

(D) MMPI-2

(E) Stanford-Binet

64. David collected data on 15 research participants. Their scores were: 42, 38, 14, 13, 12, 12, 11, 11, 11, 10, 10, 10, 9, 9, 9. Which of the following statistics best reflects the central tendency of this data set?

(A) standard deviation

(B) correlation coefficient

(C) mode

(D) median

(E) mean

65. The medical model of psychologically disordered behavior is most likely to be criticized for neglecting the importance of

(A) depression

(B)