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to the teacher, but has difficulty focusing. She looks around the classroom while the teacher is talking and then does not know what to do when others are starting their assignments. Her symptoms are characteristic of which of the following?

(A) panic disorder

(B) post-traumatic stress disorder

(C) attention deficit disorder

(D) bipolar disorder

(E) antisocial personality

28. Joan strongly believes in capital punishment. After discussing capital punishment with only other people who believe in capital punishment in a chat room, Joan is most likely to

(A) believe more strongly in capital punishment

(B) believe less strongly in capital punishment

(C) not have changed her views at all

(D) want more information about capital punishment before deciding how strongly she supports capital punishment

(E) not want to discuss capital punishment any more

29. Answering multiple-choice questions is often easier than answering fill-in or completion questions, because multiple choice questions

(A) provide more retrieval cues

(B) enhance retention of information

(C) check memorization rather than critical thinking

(D) are definitional rather than conceptual

(E) are easier to encode than completion questions

30. A neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus during

(A) acquisition trials

(B) generalization

(C) extinction trials

(D) spontaneous recovery

(E) operant conditioning

31. According to Jean Piaget, egocentrism, animism, and trial-and-error learning are characteristic of the stage of development known as

(A) preoperational

(B) sensorimotor

(C) concrete operational

(D) adolescence

(E) formal operational

32. Blinking, sneezing, flinching, and coughing are examples of the type of behavior called the

(A) instinct

(B) reflex

(C) habit

(D) thought

(E) arc

33. Stephen is going through his second divorce. He thinks that no woman will ever love him again. His therapist points out to Stephen that his thinking is irrational and faulty. Which of the following therapies is the therapist employing?

(A) psychoanalysis

(B) systematic desensitization

(C) flooding

(D) rational emotive

(E) client-centered

34. Delia was accepted to both Harvard University and Yale University and is having difficulty choosing which school to attend. With which of the following conflicts is she faced?

(A) frustration–aggression

(B) intrinsic–extrinsic

(C) approach–avoidance

(D) approach–approach

(E) avoidance–avoidance

35. EEGs that consist primarily of alpha and beta waves are characteristic of

(A) consciousness

(B) stage 1 sleep

(C) stage 2 sleep

(D) stage 3 sleep

(E) stage 4 sleep

36. A psychologist focusing on whether development occurs in stages is most interested in which of the following controversies?

(A) nature versus nurture

(B) continuity versus discontinuity

(C) stability versus change

(D) subjectivity versus objectivity

(E) individualism versus collectivism

37. Collective unconscious, archetypes, and individuation are personality concepts most closely associated with

(A) Sigmund Freud

(B) Carl Jung

(C) B. F. Skinner

(D) Karen Horney

(E) Albert Bandura

38. Which of the following is a hallucination?

(A) thinking you are President of the United States

(B) being sure that your boss is out to get you

(C) thinking this is 2010

(D) feeling extraordinarily happy and agitated one moment, then extraordinarily depressed the next

(E) hearing voices that are not actually there

39. Stella remembered the order of the planets from the Sun by recalling the sentence, “My very educated mother just served us noodles.” For Stella, this sentence is a

(A) chunking strategy

(B) mnemonic device

(C) peg system

(D) acoustic encoding sequence

(E) proactive interference inhibitor

40. Which of the following is caused by a teratogen?

(A) Tay-Sachs disease

(B) Klinefelter’s syndrome