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Withdrawal—intense craving for a drug accompanied by effects opposite of those the drug usually induces.

Womb envy—Horney’s counterpart to penis envy of Freudian theory; male’s desire to procreate.

Yerkes-Dodson rule—for easy tasks, moderately high arousal is needed to do well; for difficult tasks, moderately low; and most average tasks, moderate level of arousal.

Zone of proximal development (ZPD)—according to Vygotsky, the range between the level at which a child can solve a problem working alone with difficulty, and the level at which a child can solve a problem with the assistance of adults or more-skilled children.

Zygote—a fertilized ovum with the genetic instructions for a new individual normally contained in 46 chromosomes.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Because college textbooks are constantly being updated, copyright dates for these books are omitted. These are all books that are currently being used in AP Psychology classes by teachers whose students succeed on the exam. In general, books published since 2005 are good resources for you to use along with this test preparation book whenever you’d like to read more about a topic in the course.

Baron, Robert A. Psychology. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

Bernstein, Douglas A., Alison Clarke-Stewart, Edward J. Roy, and Louis A. Penner. Psychology. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Davis, Stephen. F., and Joseph J. Palladino. Psychology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Feldman, Robert S. Understanding Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Gazzaniga, Michael S., and Todd F. Heatherton. Psychological Science: Mind, Brain, and Behavior. New York: W. W. Norton.

Gerrig, Richard, and Philip Zimbardo. Psychology and Life. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

Gerow, Josh, and Kenneth S. Bordens. Psychology: An Introduction. Richardson, TX: Harrison Press.

Gleitman, Henry, Alan J. Fridlund, and Daniel Reisberg. Psychology. New York: W. W. Norton.

Gray, Peter. Psychology. New York: Worth.

Halonen, Jane S., and John W. Santrock. Psychology: Contexts & Applications. Boston: McGraw-Hill College.

Hockenbury, Don H., and Sandra E. Hockenbury. Psychology. New York: Worth.

Kalat, James W. Introduction to Psychology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Kassin, Saul. Psychology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Kosslyn, Stephen M., and Robin S. Rosenberg. Psychology: The Brain, the Person, the World. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

Kowalski, Robin M., and Drew Westen. Psychology. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Lahey, Benjamin B. Psychology: An Introduction. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Lefton, Lester A., and Linda Brannon. Psychology. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

Morris, Charles G., and Albert A. Maisto. Psychology: An Introduction. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Myers, David G. Psychology. New York: Worth.

Passer, Michael W., and Ronald E. Smith. Psychology: Frontiers and Applications. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Plotnik, Rod. Introduction to Psychology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Santrock, John W. Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Sdorow, Lester M., and Cheryl A. Rickabaugh. Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Smith, Edward E., Susan Nolen-Hoeksema, Barbara Fredrickson, and Geoffrey Loftus. Atkinson & Hilgard’s Introduction to Psychology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Sternberg, Robert J. In Search of the Human Mind. Belmont, CA: Harcourt College.

Wade, Carole, and Carol Tavris. Psychology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Weiten, Wayne. Psychology: Themes and Variations. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Westen, Drew. Psychology: Mind, Brain, and Culture. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Zimbardo, Philip G., Anne L. Weber, and Robert L. Johnson. Psychology: Core Concepts. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

WEBSITES

These websites are related to the AP Psychology course and exam. (When this book was updated, the websites were available at no charge.)

The College Board

http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/sub_psych.html

Annenberg Media (The Brain, The Mind, Discovering Psychology videos)

http://www.learner.org