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• Classic-Fiction

• precognition: perception of future events;

• telekinesis or psychokinesis: moving remote objects through mental processes.

In 1998, a National Research Council investigation on ESP concluded that the best available evidence at that time did not support the contention that these phenomena exist.

Review Questions

1. Mechanical energy of vibrations is transduced to the electrochemical energy of neural impulses at the

(A) retina

(B) lens

(C) cochlea

(D) olfactory mucosa

(E) taste buds

2. Of the following, which bend incoming light rays to focus an image on the retina?

I. cornea

II. iris

III. lens

(A) I only

(B) II only

(C) III only

(D) I and III only

(E) I, II, III

3. When food supplies may be unsafe, which of the following would have an adaptive advantage over most other people?

I. Supertasters

II. Average Tasters

III. Nontasters

(A) I only

(B) II only

(C) III only

(D) I and III only

(E) I, II, III

4. On its way to the cones and rods of the eye, (in order) light passes through the

(A) cornea, vitreous humor, lens, iris, aqueous humor

(B) sclera, lens, pupil, iris, vitreous humor

(C) cornea, aqueous humor, pupil, lens, vitreous humor

(D) sclera, aqueous humor, lens, pupil, vitreous humor

(E) retina, vitreous humor, lens, iris, aqueous humor, fovea

5. Neural impulses go directly to the cortex without passing through the thalamus from receptors in the

(A) retina

(B) joints

(C) cochlea

(D) olfactory epithelium

(E) taste buds

6. Of the following, which is not a basic taste?

(A) sweet

(B) salty

(C) peppery

(D) bitter

(E) sour

7. Receptors for kinesthesis are located in the

(A) retina

(B) joints

(C) semicircular canals

(D) olfactory epithelium

(E) taste buds

8. Carlos was just able to perceive a difference in weight when Maria removed two of the 50 jelly beans from his plastic bag. It is most likely that if Carlos had the jumbo bag of 100 jelly beans, the smallest number of jelly beans he could notice removed would be

(A) 2

(B) 4

(C) 8

(D) 16

(E) 20

9. Conventional hearing aids may restore hearing by

(A) restoring functionality to a badly punctured eardrum

(B) amplifying vibrations conducted by facial bones to the cochlea

(C) translating sounds into electrical signals wired into the cochlea’s nerves

(D) stimulating the semicircular canals to transduce sound waves

(E) converting sound waves to radio waves

10. The theory that best accounts for the experience of pain is

(A) the opponent-process theory

(B) Weber’s law

(C) the trichromatic theory

(D) the direct perception theory

(E) the gate-control theory

11. Which sense is least involved in enabling you to maintain your balance when you stand on one foot?

(A) kinesthesis

(B) olfaction

(C) vision

(D) vestibular sense

(E) somatosensation

12. Although sound comes from speakers on the sides of the room, viewers watching a movie perceive the sound coming from the screen. This phenomenon is best accounted for by

(A) visual capture

(B) proximity

(C) closure

(D) opponent-processes

(E) feature-detection

13. Your tendency to see the words “went” and “ties,” rather than the word “twenties” when you look at T WENT TIES is best explained by the organizing principle of

(A) bottom-up processing

(B) closure

(C) continuity

(D) figure–ground

(E) proximity

14. A landscape painting shows boats on a lake in the foreground and mountains farther away. Of the following, which cue would not contribute to your perception that the mountains are farther away than the boats in the picture?

(A) texture gradient

(B) linear perspective

(C) relative height

(D) retinal disparity

(E) interposition

15. When a fortune teller claims to have the ability to see what the person you will meet and marry 10 years from now will look like, the person is professing to possess the ability of

(A) telepathy

(B) clairvoyance

(C) precognition

(D) telekinesis

(E) top-down processing