A Distant Mirror_ The Calamitous 14th Century - Barbara W. Tuchman [401]
6 MICHELET ON BRITTANY: from the famous “Tableau de France” in the Histoire, II, 7–18.
7 CHARLES DE BLOIS—CHARACTER: Huizinga, Waning, 178. BAREFOOT IN THE SNOW: ibid.
8 HURLED 30 HEADS: Mackinnon, 219; see also Roujoux, Hist, des rois et des ducs de Bretagne, 1839, III, 127; A. Clauziou, Hist, de Bretagne, 1941, 97–98.
9 QUEEN JEANNE ON BRUGES: q. Mollat & Wolff, 25.
10 MATTHEW OF WESTMINSTER ON WOOL: q. Thompson, 61. COURTRAI, LOSSES MADE UP BY ENNOBLEMENT: Bloch, Feudal, 324–25.
11 ARTEVELDE STRIKES FLEMISH KNIGHT: Pemoud, 214.
12 ARTEVELDE’S DEATH: Froissart. “Il piccolo re”: q. Tourneur, 467.
13 Double et louche: III, 250.
14 ADVICE OF PARLIAMENT IN 1344: Barnes, 303.
15 SHIPS FOR EXPEDITIONARY FORCE: Hewitt, Organization, 51, 76; Coopland, in notes to Mézières, I, 59.
16 RECRUITMENT AND PROPAGANDA: Oman, 126; Hewitt, op. cit., 30, 159. 84 MILITARY OBLIGATION OF TOWNS: Contamine, 33, 176. ROUEN, NARBONNE, NÎMES: Henneman, Royal, 116, 120, 122, 135, 147.
17 KNIGHTS’ RATES OF PAY: Contamine, 622–23, 626. THE montre: ibid., 537. ARMOR AND HELMET: Oakeshott, 15, 43; Cutts, 344–45; Contamine, 656.
18 “TERRIBLE WORM”: q. Lefranc, 137, from an unnamed contemporary poem, not further identified, MACE FAVORED BY MARTIAL CLERICS: Davis, 196.
19 FRENCH DISDAINED MISSILES: Evans, Life, 140. ARCHER AS “COWARD”: q. Davis, 190.
20 CROSSBOW BANNED BY CHURCH: Painter, 21.
21 CRÉCY: The battle is described in all the chronicles. A useful summary is in Lot, 340–50.
22 ENGLISH ARCHERS PROTECTED BOWSTRINGS: Chron. Jean de Venette, 43. The subject of the wet and dry bowstrings and whether, when wet, they shrink or stretch has been a question of intense discussion among the Crécy buffs, and even of physical experiment by one historian who soaked bowstrings in water to determine the answer.
23 “15 DENIERS WORTH THREE”: Chron. 4 Valois, 14. ESTATES’ DISPLEASURE VOICED: Perroy, Hundred Years, 121.
24 ISABELLE’S BETROTHAL TO LOUIS DE MALE: Chron. Jean le Bel, II, 135–39; Chron. normande, 84–86, 276, n. 7; Luce-F, IV, nn. 1–2, 34–37; Grandes Chrons., ed. Viard, IX, 292; Chron. Jean de Venette, 47–48, 184–85, n. 27; Chron. de Jean de Noyal, ed. Molinier, Bull. SHF, 1883, 253. Song about Isabelle is in Jean de Venette, 48. Summary of the sources in Henry Lucas, The Low Countries and the Hundred Years’ War, 1929, 559–65.
25 CALAIS REDUCED TO EATING EXCREMENT (“Toutes ordures par droite famine”): q. CMH, 349.
26 NUMBERS ENGAGED IN CRÉCY-CALAIS: Postan, EHR.
Chapter 5—“This Is the End of the World”: The Black Death
The chief sources used for this chapter were Campbell; Carpentier; Crawfurd; Coulton, Black Death; Gasquet; Hecker; Ziegler; also Barnes; Bowsky; Bridbury; Cazelles, Peste; Deaux; Meiss, Painting … After the Black Death; Nohl; Renouard: Saltmarsh; Seebohm; Thompson; Thrupp. On the Jews: Abrahams; Salo Baron; Chazan, and Encyclopedia Judaica, Jerusalem and New York, 1970–71.
1 “DEATH IS SEEN SEATED”: Simon de Covino, q. Campbell, 80.
2 “COULD INFECT THE WORLD”: q. Gasquet, 41. WELSH LAMENT: q. Ziegler, 190.
3 “DOGS DRAGGED THEM FORTH”: Agnolo di Tura, q. Ziegler, 58.
4 “OR IF NO MAN IS PRESENT”: Bishop of Bath and Wells, q. Ziegler, 125.
5 “NO BELLS TOLLED”: Agnolo di Tura, q. Schevill, Siena, 211. The same observation was made by Gabriel de Muisis, notary of Piacenza, q. Crawfurd, 113.
6 p. 95 GIVRY PARISH REGISTER: Renouard, III. THREE VILLAGES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE: Saltmarsh.
7 PETRARCH’S BROTHER: Bishop, 273. BROTHER JOHN CLYN: q. Ziegler, 195.
8 APATHY; “AND IN THESE DAYS”: q. Deaux, 143, citing only “an old northern chronicle.”
9 AGNOLO DI TURA, “FATHER ABANDONED CHILD”: q. Ziegler, 58.
10 “MAGISTRATES AND NOTARIES”: q. Deaux, 49. ENGLISH PRIESTS TURNED AWAY: Ziegler, 261.
11 PARENTS DESERTING CHILDREN: Hecker, 30. GUY DE CHAULIAC, “A FATHER”:
12 q. Gasquet, 50–51.
13 Q NUNS OF THE HÔTEL DIEU: Chron. Jean de Venette, 49.
14 Q PICARDS AND SCOTS MOCK MORTALITY OF NEIGHBORS: Gasquet, 53, and Ziegler, 198.
15 QCATHERINE DE COUCY: L’Art de vérifier, 237.