A History of Science-1 [119]
being that of G. C. Macaulay, M.A., in two volumes, Macmillan & Co., London and New York, 1890. 8 (p. 50). The Historical Library of Diodorus the Sicilian, London, 1700. This most famous of ancient world histories is difficult to obtain in an English version. The most recently published translation known to the writer is that of G. Booth, London, 1814. 9 (p. 51). Erman, op. cit., p. 357. 10 (p. 52). The Papyrus Rhind is a sort of mathematical hand-book of the ancient Egyptians; it was made in the time of the Hyksos Kings (about 2000 B.C.), but is a copy of an older book. It is now preserved in the British Museum. The most accessible recent sources of information as to the social conditions of the ancient Egyptians are the works of Maspero and Erman, above mentioned; and the various publications of W. M. Flinders Petrie, The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh, London, 1883; Tanis I., London, 1885; Tanis H., Nebesheh, and Defe-nnel, London, 1887; Ten Years' Diggings, London, 1892; Syria and Egypt from the Tel-el-Amar-na Letters, London, 1898, etc. The various works of Professor Petrie, recording his explorations from year to year, give the fullest available insight into Egyptian archaeology. CHAPTER III. SCIENCE OF BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA 1 (p. 57). The Medes. Some difference of opinion exists among historians as to the exact ethnic relations of the conquerors; the precise date of the fall of Nineveh is also in doubt. 2 (p. 57). Darius. The familiar Hebrew narrative ascribes the first Persian conquest of Babylon to Darius, but inscriptions of Cyrus and of Nabonidus, the Babylonian king, make it certain that Cyrus was the real conqueror. These inscriptions are preserved on cylinders of baked clay, of the type made familiar by the excavation of the past fifty years, and they are invaluable historical documents. 3 (p. 58). Berosus. The fragments of Berosus have been translated by L. P. Cory, and included in his Ancient Fragments of Phenician, Chaldean, Egyptian, and Other Writers, London, 1826, second edition, 1832. 4 (p. 58). Chaldean learning. Recent writers reserve the name Chaldean for the later period of Babylonian history-- the time when the Greeks came in contact with the Mesopotamians--in contradistinction to the earlier periods which are revealed to us by the archaeological records. 5 (p. 59) King Sargon of Agade. The date given for this early king must not be accepted as absolute; but it is probably approximately correct. 6 (p. 59). Nippur. See the account of the early expeditions as recorded by the director, Dr. John P. Peters, Nippur, or explorations and adventures, etc., New York and London, 1897. 7 (p. 62). Fritz Hommel, Geschichte Babyloniens und Assyriens, Berlin, 1885. 8 (p. 63). R. Campbell Thompson, Reports of the Magicians and Astrologers of Nineveh and Babylon, London, 1900, p. xix. 9 (p. 64). George Smith, The Assyrian Canon, p. 21. 10 (p. 64). Thompson, op. cit., p. xix. 11 (p. 65). Thompson, op. cit., p. 2. 12 (p. 67). Thompson, op. cit., p. xvi. 13 (p. 68). Sextus Empiricus, author of Adversus Mathematicos, lived about 200 A.D. 14 (p. 68). R. Campbell Thompson, op. cit., p. xxiv. 15 (p. 72). Records of the Past (editor, Samuel Birch), Vol. III., p. 139. 16 (p. 72). Ibid., Vol. V., p. 16. 17 (p. 72). Quoted in Records of the Past, Vol. III., p. 143, from the Translations of the Society of Biblical Archeology, vol. II., p. 58. 18 (p. 73). Records of the Past, vol. L, p. 131. 19 (p. 73). Ibid., vol. V., p. 171. 20 (p. 74). Ibid., vol. V., p. 169. 21 (p. 74). Joachim Menant, La Bibliotheque du Palais de Ninive, Paris, 188o. 22 (p. 76). Code of Khamurabi. This famous inscription is on a block of black diorite nearly eight feet in height. It was discovered at Susa by the French expedition under M. de Morgan, in December, 1902. We quote the translation given in The Historians' History of the World, edited by Henry Smith Williams, London and New York, 1904, Vol. I, p. 510. 23 (p. 77). The Historical Library of Diodorus Siculus, p. 519. 24 (p. 82). George S. Goodspeed, Ph.D., History of the Babylonians and Assyrians,