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Ogata, H., and J. M. Claverie. 2008. How to infect a mimivirus. Science 321:1305.

Raoult, D., and P. Forterre. 2008. Redefining viruses: Lessons from mimivirus. Nature Reviews Microbiology 6:315–19.

Raoult, D., B. La Scola, and R. Birtles. 2007. The discovery and characterization of mimivirus, the largest known virus and putative pneumonia agent. Clinical Infectious Diseases 45:95–102.

Credits

Introduction: tobacco mosaic viruses, © Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc. Chapter 1: rhinovirus, copyright © 2010 Photo Researchers, Inc. (all rights reserved). Chapter 2:influenza virus, by Frederick Murphy, from the PHIL, courtesy of the CDC. Chapter 3: human papillomavirus, copyright © 2010 Photo Researchers, Inc. (all rights reserved). Chapter 4: bacteriophages, courtesy of Graham Colm. Chapter 5: marine phage, courtesy of Willie Wilson. Chapter 6: avian leukosis virus, courtesy of Dr. Venugopal Nair and Dr. Pippa Hawes, Bioimaging group, Institute for Animal Health. Chapter 7: human immunodeficiency virus, by P. Goldsmith, E. L. Feorino, E. L. Palmer, and W. R. McManus, from the PHIL, courtesy of the CDC. Chapter 8: West Nile virus, by P. E. Rollin, from the PHIL, courtesy of the CDC. Chapter 9: Ebola virus, by Cynthia Goldsmith, from the PHIL, courtesy of the CDC. Chapter 10: smallpox virus, by Frederick Murphy, from the PHIL, courtesy of the CDC. Epilogue: mimivirus, courtesy of Dr. Didier Raoult, Research Unit in Infectious and Tropical Emergent Diseases (URMITE).

Index

AIDS. See HIV

algae, climate and, 43

allergies, immune system and, 13

Andromeda Strain, The (film), 74

antibiotics: discovery of, 36–37; drug resistance and, 39; overprescription of, 11–12

antiviral medications, 84

APOBEC3 protein, 52

Arrowsmith (Lewis), 36

avian leukosis, 46, 48–49. See also retroviruses

bacteria: biofilm and, 39; drug resistant, 12, 38, 39; photosynthetic, 43, 45; size of, 5. See also bacteriophages

bacteriophages: abundance of, 43; debates over, 35–36, 37–38; discovery of, 34; genetic engineering and, 38–39; lytic, 35–36; in marine environment, 42–43; as medicine, 36, 37–39; picture of, 32; temperate, 35–36, 44; ubiquity of, 37–38. See also bacteria

bats, animal-to-human leap of viruses and, 75, 76

Beijerinck, Martinus, 4

Bieniasz, Paul, 51–52

biological weapons, smallpox as, 82, 86

birds: influenza and, 17–19; West Nile virus and, 65–69

Bordet, Jules, 35–36

Boylston, Zabdiel, 83

Bradfordcoccus, 90

Bronx Zoo, 65

bubonic plague, bacteriophages and, 36

Cameroon, origins of HIV and, 75

cancer, 24, 29, 48–51

Carlos (king of Spain), 84

Cave of Crystals, 1–2

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 55

Central America, smallpox in, 83

chickens, avian leukosis in, 48–49

chimpanzees, HIV and, 74–75

China: SARS and, 75–77; smallpox prevention in, 83

cholera: bacteriophages and, 36, 43; cause of, 43, 45

civets, SARS and, 76–77

climate: marine organisms and, 43; West Nile virus and, 69–70

cloning, 47

Collins, James, 38–39

Columbus, Christopher, 66, 82

common cold, 9–13. See also rhinovirus

coronaviruses, 76

cough syrup, dangers of, 11

Crohn disease, immune system and, 13

cystic fibrosis, virus-hunting expedition and, 2–3

cytokines, common cold and, 11

Darwin, Charles, 45

Dede (Indonesian boy), 24–25, 27

Delbruck, Max, 38

Democratic Republic of Congo, HIV and, 59–60

DNA: avian leukosis and, 48–49; bacteriophages and, 35–36, 38–39, 44–45; cell division and, 26; cervical tumors and, 25; cystic fibrosis studies and, 2; endogenous retroviruses and, 50, 51–52; human evolution and, 28; human reproduction and, 18, 47; jumping, 52; mimiviruses and, 92; origins of life and, 93–94; protein-coding genes in, 52; virus genomes and, 91

Dochez, Alphonse, 10

Dover, White Cliffs of, 43

dysentery, bacteriophages and, 34, 36

Ebers Papyrus, 9, 11

Ebola virus: outbreaks of, 77; picture of, 72

E. coli. See Escherichia coli

Egypt,