A short history of nearly everything - Bill Bryson [247]
8 “Up to this time, the oldest reliable dates . . .” Libby, “Radiocarbon Dating,” from Nobel Lecture, December 12, 1960.
9 “After eight half-lives . . .” Gribbin and Gribbin, Ice Age, p. 58.
10 “every raw radiocarbon date you read today . . .” Flannery, The Eternal Frontier, p. 174.
11 “it is like miscounting by a dollar . . .” Flannery, The Future Eaters, p. 151.
12 “just around the time that people first came to the Americas . . .” Flannery, The Eternal Frontier, pp. 174–75.
13 “whether syphilis originated in the New World . . .” Science, “Can Genes Solve the Syphilis Mystery?” May 11, 2001, p. 109.
14 “Unfortunately, he now met yet another formidable impediment . . .” Lewis, The Dating Game, p. 204.
15 “led him to create a sterile laboratory . . .” Powell, Mysteries of Terra Firma, p. 58.
16 “a figure that stands unchanged 50 years later . . .” McGrayne, p. 173.
17 “a doctor who had no specialized training . . .” McGrayne, p. 94.
18 “about 90 percent of it appeared to come from automobile exhaust pipes . . .” Nation, “The Secret History of Lead,” March 20, 2000.
19 “The notion became the foundation of ice core studies . . .” Powell, Mysteries of Terra Firma, p. 60.
20 “Ethyl executives allegedly offered to endow a chair . . .” Nation, “The Secret History of Lead,” March 20, 2000.
21 “Almost immediately lead levels in the blood of Americans . . .” McGrayne, p. 169.
22 “those of us alive today have about 625 times more lead in our blood . . .” Nation, March 20, 2000.
23 “The amount of lead in the atmosphere also continues to grow . . .” Green, Water, Ice and Stone, p. 258.
24 “forty-four years after most of Europe . . .” McGrayne, p. 191.
25 “Ethyl continued to contend . . .” McGrayne, p. 191.
26 “devouring ozone long after you have shuffled off.” Biddle, pp. 110–11.
27 “Worse, we are still introducing huge amounts of CFCs . . .” Biddle, p. 63.
28 “Two recent popular books . . .” The books are Mysteries of Terra Firma and The Dating Game, both of which make his name “Claire.”
29 “astounding error of thinking Patterson was a woman . . .” Nature, “The Rocky Road to Dating the Earth,” January 4, 2001, p. 20.
CHAPTER 11 MUSTER MARK'S QUARKS
1 “In 1911, a British scientist named C. T. R. Wilson . . .” Cropper, p. 325.
2 “if I could remember the names of these particles . . .” Quoted in Cropper, p. 403.
3 “can do forty-seven thousand laps around a four-mile tunnel . . .” Discover, “Gluons,” July 2000, p. 68.
4 “Even the most sluggish . . .” Guth, p. 121.
5 “In 1998, Japanese observers reported . . .” Economist, “Heavy Stuff,” June 13, 1998, p. 82; and National Geographic, “Unveiling the Universe, October 1999, p. 36.
6 “Breaking up atoms . . .” Trefil, 101 Things You Don't Know About Science and No One Else Does Either, p. 48.
7 “CERN's new Large Hadron Collider . . .” Economist, “Cause for ConCERN,” October 28, 2000, p. 75.
8 “dotted along the circumference . . .” Letter from Jeff Guinn.
9 “A proposed neutrino observatory at the old Homestake Mine . . .” Science, “U.S. Researchers Go for Scientific Gold Mine,” June 15, 2001, p. 1979.
10 “A particle accelerator at Fermilab in Illinois . . .” Science, February 8, 2002, p. 942.
11 “Today the particle count is well over 150 . . .” Guth, p. 120, and Feynman, p. 39.
12 “Some people think there are particles called tachyons . . .” Nature, September 27, 2001, p. 354.
13 “which are themselves universes at the next level . . .” Sagan, p. 221.
14 “The charged pion and antipion decay . . .” Weinberg, The Discovery of Subatomic Particles, p. 165.
15 “to restore some economy to the multitude of hadrons . . .” Weinberg, The Discovery of Subatomic Particles, p. 167.
16 “wanted to call these new basic particles partons . . .” Von Baeyer, p. 17.
17 “the Standard Model . . .” Economist, “New Realities?” October 7, 2000, p. 95; and Nature, “The Mass Question,” February 28, 2002, pp. 969–70.
18 “Bosons . . . are particles that produce and carry forces . . .” Scientific American, “Uncovering Supersymmetry,” July