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60. Lord Newton (ed.), Lord Lyons: A Record of British Diplomacy, 2 vols. (London, 1914), vol. 1, pp. 85–86, Lyons to Russell, May 16, 1862.

61. Letters of Lord St. Maur and Lord Edward St. Maur (London, 1888), p. 251, Lord Edward St. Maur to Duke of Somerset, June 9, 1862; p. 254, to Duchess of Somerset, June 19, 1862.

62. Ibid., p. 260. It became a Southern myth that Lord Edward St. Maur “fought” alongside General Longstreet in the Seven Days’ Battles. By the same token, Lord Edward returned home believing that Southern Anglophobia was a Northern myth.

63. Cueto had arrived in America at around the same time that W. H. Russell gave up trying to follow the Army of the Potomac. Put off by Russell’s tangle with officialdom, Cueto decided he would work as a free agent, traveling without passes or letters to wherever the action seemed most exciting. He did not get very far. A Yankee civilian remembered meeting him while they were both imprisoned in Castle Godwin. “Soon after I learned … that Cueto had died of typhoid fever in New York City.” George Washington Frosst, A South Berwick Yankee Behind Confederate Lines (Part II). Cueto was in a Confederate prison in North Carolina for eight months before he was able to smuggle out a letter to Consul Bunch in late November 1862. The consul immediately sent a letter of protest to Judah P. Benjamin, who ordered an investigation into Cueto’s arrest.

64. But when Major George Longley started a fight with a Federal officer while traveling on a Northern train, and was arrested for breaching the peace, The Times awarded him ample space to complain about his treatment. William Stuart, secretary of the legation, was much less sympathetic. He refused to protest on Longley’s behalf, saying that he had failed to mention, “as stated in Mr. Bernal’s dispatch … that you had remarked to Colonel Massey, that you believed the South to be in the right … which must have given just grounds to a Federal Officer with whom you were unacquainted.” PRO FO115/340, f. 36, Stuart to Major Longley, September 28, 1862.

65. Catherine Cooper Hopley, Life in the South from the Commencement of the War by a Blockaded British Subject (London, 1863, repr. New York, 1971), p. 348.

66. Strode, Jefferson Davis, vol. 2, p. 260.

67. Dawson, Reminiscences, p. 49.

68. Ibid., p. 51.

69. James M. Morgan, Recollections of a Rebel Reefer (Boston, 1917), pp. 226–27.

70. Devon RO, 867B/Z36, entr. 14, July 5, 1862, unknown writer.

Chapter 12: The South Is Rising

1. William Watson, Life in the Confederate Army: Being the Observations and Experiences of an Alien in the South During the Civil War (London, 1887; repr. Baton Rouge, La., 1995), p. 398.

2. Ibid., p. 407.

3. Ibid., p. 413.

4. W. C. Ford (ed.), A Cycle of Adams Letters, 1861–1865, 2 vols. (Boston, 1920), vol. 1, p. 146, Henry Adams to Charles Francis Adams, Jr., May 16, 1862.

5. Ibid., p. 145.

6. Ibid., p. 137, Charles Francis Adams to Charles Francis Adams, Jr., April 17, 1862.

7. Sarah Agnes Wallace and Frances Elma Gillespie (eds.), The Journal of Benjamin Moran, 2 vols. (Chicago, 1948, 1949), vol. 2, p. 996, May 6, 1862.

8. Ford (ed.), A Cycle of Adams Letters, vol. 1, p. 145, Henry Adams to Charles Francis Adams, Jr., May 16, 1862.

9. Ibid., p. 141, Henry Adams to Charles Francis Adams, Jr., May 8, 1862.

10. Countess of Stafford (ed.), Leaves from the Diary of Henry Greville, vol. 4 (London, 1905), p. 46, May 10, 1862.

11. John Black Atkins, The Life of Sir William Howard Russell, 2 vols. (London, 1911), vol. 2, p. 173.

12. Ford (ed.), A Cycle of Adams Letters, vol. 1, p. 142, Henry Adams to Charles Francis Adams, Jr., May 8, 1862.

13. MHS, Adams MSS, Diary of Charles Francis Adams, May 19, 1862.

14. Illustrated London News, June 14, 1862.

15. H. F. Bell, Palmerston, 2 vols. (London, 1936), vol. 2, p. 317.

16. Edward Chalfant, Better in Darkness (New York, 1994), p. 39.

17. MHS, Adams MSS, Diary of Charles