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for the slaves so that they might eventually earn enough money to buy their own freedom. He was offered many reasons why this was absolutely impossible. Brian Jenkins, Sir William Gregory of Coole: A Biography (Gerrards Cross, 1986), p. 154. The American consul in Bristol reported that Yancey had been flagrant in his promises, telling one author of a pro-Confederate article that Richmond had given him “full powers to pledge gradual emancipation to the governments of Europe on condition of their guaranteeing the independence of the Confederate States.” NARA, M. T-185, roll 7, vol. 7, Zebina Eastman to William Henry Seward, October 20, 1862.

13. University of Southampton, Hartley Library, Palmerston MSS, GC/AR/25/1, Argyll to Palmerston, September 2, 1862.

14. PRO 30/22/14D, Palmerston to Russell, September 22, 1862.

15. Philip Guedalla (ed.), Gladstone and Palmerston, Being the Correspondence of Lord Palmerston and Mr. Gladstone, 1851–1865 (London, 1928), p. 232, Palmerston to Gladstone, September 24, 1862.

16. Thomas Nelson Page, Lee, Man and Soldier (New York, 1911), p. 219, Lee to Davis, September 8, 1862.

17. William Mark McKnight, Blue Bonnets o’er the Border: The 79th New York Cameron Highlanders (Shippensburg, Pa., 1998), p. 72.

18. Shelby Foote, The Civil War, 3 vols. (New York, 1986), vol. 1, pp. 664–65.

19. Wilbur D. Jones, Giants in the Cornfield (Shippensburg, Pa., 1997), p. 292.

20. Russell Weigley, A Great Civil War (Bloomington, Ind., 2000), p. 148.

21. OR, ser. 1, vol. 19/2, p. 218, McClellan to President, September 13, 1861.

22. Robert Underwood Johnson and Clarence Clough Buel (eds.), Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, 4 vols. (Secaucus, N.J., 1985), vol. 2, p. 660.

23. Ibid., pp. 660–61.

24. Captain W. D. L’Estrange, Under Fourteen Flags, Being the Life and Adventures of Brigadier-General MacIver (Newton Stewart, Wigtonshire, 1999), p. 83.

25. Charles Augustus Fuller, Personal Recollections of the War (Fairford, repr. 2010), p. 40.

26. James M. McPherson, Crossroads of Freedom: Antietam (Oxford, 2004), p. 127.

27. David L. Thompson, “With Burnside at Antietam,” in Johnson and Buel (eds.), Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, vol. 2, p. 556.

28. Matthew J. Graham, The Ninth Regiment New York Volunteers (Lancaster, Ohio, 1997), p. 303.

29. James M. McPherson (ed.), Battle Chronicles of the Civil War, 6 vols. (Lakeville, Conn., 1989), vol. 2, p. 252.

30. New-York Historical Society, Narrative of Ebenezer Wells (c. 1881).

31. James M. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom (London, 1988), p. 544.

32. Devonshire MSS, Chatsworth, ser. 2 (340.180), Lord Hartington to Duke of Devonshire, September 29, 1862.

33. Ibid.

34. Ibid.

35. Donald, Lincoln, p. 375.

36. Frederick Bancroft, The Life of William H. Seward, 2 vols. (Gloucester, Mass., 1967), vol. 2, p. 338.

37. Francis W. Dawson, Reminiscences of Confederate Service, 1861–1865, ed. Bell I. Wiley (Baton Rouge, La., 1980), p. 66.

38. Ibid., p. 193, Dawson to mother, April 23, 1863.

39. Ibid., p. 56.

40. S. Frank Logan, “Francis W. Dawson, 1840–1889: South Carolina Editor,” MA thesis, Duke University, 1947, p. 27.

41. Dawson, Reminiscences, p. 69.

42. Ibid., p. 190, Dawson to mother, November 22, 1862.

43. Wolseley was not the only British soldier to request a leave of absence in order to observe the war. Captain Edward Osborne Hewett, RE, also traveled around the North during October and November 1862. He wrote a report for the army that is now lost. See R. A. Preston, “A Letter from a British Military Observer of the American Civil War,” Military Affairs, 16 (1952), pp. 49–60.

44. James A. Rawley (ed.), The American Civil War: An English View (Mechanicsburg, Pa., 2002), p. xiii.

45. Brian Jenkins, “Frank Lawley and the Confederacy,” Civil War History (March 1977), p. 149.

46. William Stanley Hoole, Lawley Covers the Confederacy (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1964), p. 15.

47. Ibid., pp. 20–21, The Times, November 4, 1862.

48. PRO FO5.909, ff. 36–37, n. 5, Moore to Russell,