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37. Ibid.

38. New York Albion, October 17, 1863.

39. PRO 30/22/37, ff. 203–7, Lyons to Russell, October 16, 1863.

40. PRO 30/22/37, ff. 219–26, Lyons to Russell, October 26, 1863.

41. PRO 30/22/37, ff. 203–7, Lyons to Russell, October 16, 1863.

42. PRO FO5/895, ff. 69–71, d. 758, Lyons to Russell, October 23, 1863.

43. Eugene H. Berwanger, The British Foreign Service and the American Civil War (Lexington, Ky., 1994), p. 119.

44. William Watson, The Civil War Adventures of a Blockade Runner (College Station, Tex., 2001), pp. 50, 56.

45. PRO FO5/909, ff. 361–62, Lynn to Magruder, October 3, 1863.

46. Watson, The Civil War Adventures of a Blockade Runner, pp. 50, 58.

47. PRO FO5/896, f. 40, Lyons to Russell, November 6, 1863. “My Lord, I have much to say regarding the barbarous manner in which British subjects are treated in the Southern Confederacy,” wrote Mr. McIntyre from Alabama on October 3, 1863. His friend James Maloney applied for a British passport in 1861 and started for home. The provost marshal arrested him anyway and sent him to General Bragg’s army, sneering at “his dammed English protection.” “I do not know whether your Lordship is acquainted with these facts or not. But if you are … it is very strange that something cannot be done to secure for British Subjects that protection which they seek.” In January 1864, the legation had to return the Southern consuls’ pay receipts to London, explaining that Lord Lyons “has no means of sending these letters to their destination, nor does he know whether the Consular officers to whom they are addressed are still at their posts.” The source for the quotation in the footnote on this page is PRO FO5/948, f. 57, Lyons to Russell, April 19, 1864.

48. Berwanger, The British Foreign Service and the American Civil War, p. 104.

Chapter 26: Can the Nation Endure?

1. PRO FO5/908, ff. 115–17, no. 30, Cridland to Russell, November 14, 1863.

2. Fitzgerald Ross, Cities and Camps of the Confederate States, ed. Richard Barksdale Harwell (Champaign, Ill., 1997), p. 140.

3. The Times, December 1, 1863.

4. Ross, Cities and Camps, p. 143.

5. John G. Nicolay and John Hay (eds.), Complete Works of Lincoln, vol. 9 (New York, 1907), p. 26, Lincoln to Grant, July 13, 1863.

6. “The Journal of Robert Neve,” private collection, p. 140.

7. Ibid., p. 143.

8. Francis W. Dawson, Reminiscences of Confederate Service, 1861–1865, ed. Bell I. Wiley (Baton Rouge, La., 1980), p. 105.

9. Jeffrey Wert, General James Longstreet: The Confederacy’s Most Controversial Soldier (New York, 1993), p. 341.

10. Dawson, Reminiscences, p. 109.

11. The Times, December 15, 1863.

12. Bruce Catton, Never Call Retreat (London, 2001), p. 273.

13. Decatur Daily News, March 20, 1879.

14. David Donald provides the following footnote in his edition of Salmon P. Chase’s diary: “Henry Charles De Ahna wrote the President his version of these events on January 31, 1864: ‘As Your Excellency probably recollects, it was brought to the knowledge of the Government several months ago, that through a singular mistake in a name, I found myself approached by an agent of the Rebel government and an offer of $50,000 was made to me, if I would undertake to enter into a negotiation with Col. Percy Wyndham and by offering him in the name of the Rebel Government the sum of 100,000 Dollars, would succeed in persuading the said Percy Wyndham to allow himself to be taken prisoner with his whole Cavalry Brigade.’ De Ahna told his story to V. Hogan, ‘who was then well known as Secretary Chase’s Detective,’ and he also had an interview with Chase himself, but he claimed that Chase failed properly to investigate the matter.” Inside Lincoln’s Cabinet: The Civil War Diaries of Salmon P. Chase, ed. David Donald (New York, 1954), p. 316.

15. PRO FO 115/400, f. 247, Lyons to John Livingston, November 3, 1863.

16. Nicolay and Hay (eds.), Complete Works of Abraham Lincoln, vol. 9, p. 204, Lincoln to Meade, November 9, 1863; Lincoln to Burnside, November