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with the layer, or layers, immediately below it. These same blend modes can also be used to control how the paint and fill tools interact with an image. I have already mentioned a few of the blend modes that I like to use when working in Photoshop, such as the Luminosity blend mode which can be used to blend adjustment layer adjustments by targeting the luminosity, but without affecting the color component of an image. To help you learn and understand how the blend modes work, I have provided a summary of all the blend modes currently found in Photoshop CS5 when blending together the two images shown in Figure 9.31.

Figure 9.31 The following pages illustrate all the different blending modes in Photoshop. In these examples, the photograph of the model was added as a new layer above a gray textured Background layer and the layer settings recorded in the accompanying panel header screen shots.

Normal

This is the default mode. Changing the opacity simply fades the intensity of overlaying pixels by averaging the color pixels of the blend layer with the values of the composite pixels below (the opacity is set here to 80%).

Dissolve

Combines the blend layer with the base using a randomized pattern of pixels. No change occurs when the Dissolve blend mode is applied at 100% opacity, but as the opacity is reduced, the diffusion becomes more apparent (the opacity is set here to 80%).

Darken

Looks at the base and blending pixel values and pixels are only applied if the blend pixel color is darker than the base pixel color value.

Multiply

Multiplies the base by the blend pixel values, always producing a darker color, except where the blend color is white. The effect is similar to viewing two transparency slides sandwiched together on a lightbox.

Color Burn

Darkens the image using the blend color. The darker the color, the more pronounced the effect. Blending with white has no effect.

Linear Burn

The Linear Burn mode produces an even more pronounced darkening effect than Multiply or Color Burn. Note that the Linear Burn blending mode clips the darker pixel values and blending with white again has no effect.

Darker Color

Darker color is similar to the Darken mode, except it works on all the channels instead of on a per-channel basis. When you blend two layers together, only the darker pixels on the blend layer remain visible.

Lighten

Looks at the base and blending colors and color is only applied if the blend color is lighter than the base color.

Screen

Multiplies the inverse of the blend and base pixel values together, always making a lighter color, except where the blend color is black. The effect is similar to printing with two negatives sandwiched together in the enlarger.

Color Dodge

Brightens the image using the blend color. The brighter the color, the more pronounced the result. Blending with black has no effect (the opacity is set here to 80%).

Linear Dodge (Add)

This blending mode does the opposite of the Linear Burn tool. It produces a stronger lightening effect than Screen or Lighten, but clips the lighter pixel values. Blending with black has no effect.

Lighter Color

Lighter color is similar to the Lighten mode, except it works on all the channels instead of on a per-channel basis. When you blend two layers together, only the lighter pixels on the blend layer will remain visible.

Overlay

The Overlay blending mode superimposes the blend image on the base (multiplying or screening the colors depending on the base color) whilst preserving the highlights and shadows of the base color. Blending with 50% gray has no effect.

Soft Light

Darkens or lightens the colors depending on the base color. Soft Light produces a more gentle effect than the Overlay mode. Blending with 50% gray has no effect.

Hard Light

Multiplies or screens the colors depending on the base color. Hard Light produces a more pronounced effect than the Overlay mode. Blending with 50% gray has no effect.

Vivid Light

Applies a Color Dodge or Color Burn blending mode,