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a precedent-setting decision in 1996, the U.S. Board of Immigration Appeals granted asylum to Fauziya Kassindja, a Togolese teenager who had fled to the United States to avoid FGM and a forced polygamous marriage. This was the first decision establishing the precedent that women escaping gender-based persecution could be eligible for asylum in the United States. Before Kassindja, they were automatically deported. The case was (erroneously) labeled by the court Matter of Kasinga. Please see http://cgrs.uchastings.edu/about/kasinga.php.

Chapter 10

1 land produces fruit: Global Horticultural Initiative, “Post-Harvest and Transport Technologies, Reducing Losses and Improving Quality in Fruits and Vegetables in Eastern and Southern Africa Madagascar Position Paper,” June 22, 2010, www.globalhort.org.

2 A new leadership had thrown open the doors: Four years after my visit to Madagascar, President Marc Ravalomanana, who had ushered in an era of change, was abruptly removed from power in what the U.S. State Department has categorized as a de facto military coup, creating civic unrest and further isolating the country. The United Nations Security Council and the African Union have called for a return to democracy. Most donors, including the United States and the European Union, have suspended all non–humanitarian assistance programs in Madagascar (U.S. Department of State, Bureau of African Affairs, “Background Note: Madagascar,” November 4, 2010, www.state.gov). Meanwhile, PSI continues to work in Madagascar delivering healthy products and services.

3 Set Nini up in a house: Sadly, Nini’s life took another tragic turn. Although we found her a home of her own, she was unable to overcome her chemical dependency and, one night, rolled over and smothered her newborn.

Chapter 11

1 A spiritual and moral leader: Desmond Tutu and Mpho Tutu, Made for Goodness: And Why This Makes All the Difference (New York: HarperCollins, 2010), and Desmond Tutu, God Has a Dream: A Vision of Hope for Our Time (New York: Doubleday, 2004), among other titles. For more information about Archbishop’s Tutu’s ongoing work, please see www.tutucenter.org.

2 A disturbing survey: Nastasya Kay, “South African Rape Study: More Than 1 in 3 Men Admit to Rape,” Associated Press, November 27, 2010.

3 Rapes occur in every year: Before one “tsk-tsks” the high rate of gender violence in South Africa, don’t forget we have our own gruesome intimate partner violence (including homicide) and rape epidemic in the United States. Please see www.now.org/issues/violence/stats.html, and Bureau of Justice Statistics, Intimate Partner Violence, 1993–2001, bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov. For a sobering and essential reality check about violence against women worldwide, please see the World Health Organization’s Multicountry Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence Against Women, www.who.org.

4 Some researchers posited: For studies of the causes of gender violence in South Africa, see Rachel Jewkes et al., “Understanding Men’s Health and Use of Violence: Interface of Rape and HIV in South Africa,” Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa, June 2009, www.mrc.ac.za; and Lezanne Leoschut and Patrick Burton, “How Rich the Rewards?: Results of the 2005 National Youth Victimisation Study,” Centre for Justice and Crime Prevention, Monograph Series, No. 1, Cape Town, South Africa, May 2006, www.cjcp.org.za.

5 For more information about POWA, see www.powa.co.za/; also see the One in Nine Campaign, www.oneinnine.org.za/ipoint.

6 Various UN agencies: UNFPA News, “South Africa: One-Stop Post-Rape Care,” United Nations Population Fund, August 19, 2008, www.unfpa.org

Chapter 12

1 I could become irritable and unreasonable: Language inspired by the Suggested Welcome, Al-Anon Family Groups.

2 Motivational interviewing: For more information, please see www.motivationalinterview.org.

3 What to discard: Inspired by the November 14 entry, Hope for Today (Virginia Beach, VA: Al-Anon Family Groups, 2002).

Chapter 13

1 “I wasn’t angry”: Wynonna Judd, Coming Home to Myself, p. 147.