American Passage_ The History of Ellis I - Vincent J. Cannato [244]
92 Such feelings extended: James R. O’Beirne, “The Problem of Immigration: Its Dangers to the Future of the United States,” Independent, November 2, 1893. 92 While the Massilia incident: Noble, “The Present State of the Immigration Question.” On the 1891 lynching of Italians, see Richard Gambino, Vendetta (New York: Doubleday, 1977); Jerre Mangione and Ben Morreale, La Storia: Five Centuries of the Italian American Experience (New York: HarperPerennial, 1993), 204–213; Lodge, “Lynch Law and Unrestricted Immigration.”
93 If the crimes seemed: NYT, May 18, 1893.
93 As deportations increased: NYT, May 21, 1894.
93 The anger of Italians: NYT, April 5, 1896; Pitkin, Keepers of the Gate, 24–26. For more on Italian immigrants during this time, see J. H. Senner, “Immigration to Italy,” NAR, June 1896 and Prescott F. Hall, “Italian Immigration,” NAR, August 1896.
93 The fear of Italian: BG, April 26, 1896.
CHAPTER FIVE: BRAHMINS
95 Boston had long stood: Barbara Miller Solomon, Ancestors and Immigrants: A Changing New England Tradition (New York: Wiley, 1956), 48, 101; Linda Gordon, Woman’s Body, Woman’s Right: Birth Control in America, rev. ed. (New York: Penguin Books, 1990), 135.
96 It is no surprise: Francis A. Walker, “Restriction of Immigration,” Atlantic, June 1896.
96 Perhaps the best expression: Solomon, Ancestors and Immigrants, 88; Thomas Bailey Aldrich, “The Unguarded Gates,” Atlantic, March 1895. Today the poem is still popular among supporters of immigration restriction. See, http://www .vdare.com/fulford/unguarded.htm.
97 Not all of the voices: BH, July 5, 1896.
97 As the Fitzgeralds: Solomon, Ancestors and Immigrants, 23, 57; Francis Walker, “Immigration,” Yale Review, August 1892. Charles Francis Adams Jr., brother of Henry, thought the immigration questions was “too big and too intricate . . . to meddle with.” Solomon, Ancestors and Immigrants, 32.
98 At just twenty-five years old: Warren later became a noted constitutional lawyer. The Charles Warren Center for Studies in American History at Harvard University is named after Warren, funded by an endowment from his late wife. It is disappointing, yet unsurprising, that Warren’s bio on the Harvard University website makes no mention of his role in the founding of the Immigration Restriction League: http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~cwc/historycwbio.html.
98 Prescott Hall: Prescott F. Hall, “The Future of American Ideals,” NAR, January 1912. For more on the “Anglo-Saxon Complex,” and theories of Anglo-Saxon and Teutonic culture, see Solomon, Ancestors and Immigrants, 59–81 and Henry Cabot Lodge, “The Restriction of Immigration,” Our Day, May 1896. 98 Hall, who would be: Immigration and Other Interests of Prescott Farnsworth Hall, compiled by Mrs. Prescott F. Hall (New York: Knickerbocker Press, 1922), 119– 123.
99 The deep depressions: T. J. Jackson Lears, No Place of Grace: Antimodernism and the Transformation of American Culture, 1880–1920 (New York: Pantheon Books, 1981), 47–58.
99 In response, the boisterous: Theodore Roosevelt, “The Strenuous Life,” speech delivered to Chicago’s Hamilton Club, April 10, 1899; Theodore Roosevelt, “Twisted Eugenics,” Outlook, January 3, 1914. During his presidency, Roosevelt began speaking of “race suicide,” a term coined by Progressive academic Edward A. Ross. The president and father of six famously gave a talk before the National Congress of Mothers arguing against birth control and in favor of larger families. See Theodore Roosevelt, “On American Motherhood,” speech delivered to the National Congress of Mothers, March 13, 1905.
100 In fact, Hall embodied: Prescott F. Hall, “Representation Without Taxation,” unpublished manuscript, in Immigration and Other Interests of Prescott Farnsworth Hall.
100 So it was no surprise: Morris M. Sherman, “Immigration Restriction, 1890– 1921, and the Immigration Restriction League,” (Cambridge, MA: Harvard College, 1957).
101 The IRL’s