American Passage_ The History of Ellis I - Vincent J. Cannato [258]
230 His new party’s platform: Rivka Shpak Lissak, “Liberal Progressives and Immigration Restriction, 1896–1917,” Annual Lecture, American Jewish Archives, 1991; Tichenor, Dividing Lines, 135–136; Hans Vought, The Bully Pulpit and the Melting Pot: American Presidents and the Immigrant, 1897–1933 (Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 2004), 86–87.
230 The candidate who: Woodrow Wilson, A History of the American People, Volume 5 (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1901), 212–214.
231 Thanks to newspaper: Arthur S. Link, Wilson: The Road to the White House (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1947), 381–387, 499–500; James Chace, 1912: Wilson, Roosevelt, Taft, and Debs—and the Election That Changed the Country (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004), 135–137; Wilson quoted in the Jewish Immigration Bulletin, November 1916, 8.
231 Despite the controversy: Letter from William Howard Taft to A. Lawrence Lowell, November 6, 1910, File 860, IRL.
231 For two decades: Survey, February 8, 1913.
232 The numbers support: LD, May 25, 1912; Outlook, February 22, 1913.
232 With only a few: Morris M. Sherman, “Immigration Restriction, 1890–1921, and the Immigration Restriction League,” (Cambridge, MA: Harvard College, 1957), 33.
232 A few weeks before: NYT, January 26, 1913.
233 Ethnic groups were: New Yorker Staats-Zeitung, May 7, 14, 1913, translation found in File 53139-7C, INS.
233 Throughout the 1912 campaign: Warheit, July 14, 1912, in “Instances of Continued Abuse of the Ellis Island Authorities by Certain Newspapers Printed in Foreign Languages in the City of New York,” undated, Folder 32, Box 3, WWNYPL.
233 The Deutsches Journal: Deutsches Journal, April 28 1913; “Comments on Annexed Report of Case of Aron Mosberg,” April 18, 1913, File 53139-7C, INS. 233 “Sir, You are the murderer”: Letter from John Czurylo to William Williams, May 3, 1913; Letter from William Williams to the Commissioner-General of Immigration, May 9, 1913, WW-NYPL.
234 In an April 1913 letter: Letter from William Williams to the CommissionerGeneral of Immigration, April 21, 1913, File 53139-7C, INS.
234 The uncertainty: Letter from Prescott Hall to William Williams, November 22, 1912, Box 3, WW-NYPL.
235 Others remembered Williams: Letter to William Williams, June 18, 1913, Box 3, WW-NYPL.
235 Others took issue: Morgen Journal, June 20, 1913.
235 After the war: NYT, February 9, 1947; Frederic R. Coudert, “In Memoriam: William Williams,” American Journal of International Law 41, no. 3 (July 1947). 236 Two months before: Case of Lipe Pocziwa, No. 667, Series 6, Reel 404, WHT. 237 William Williams: “Annual Report of the Commissioner General of Immigration,” 1911, 147; “Annual Report of the Commissioner General of Immigration,” 1912, 23.
CHAPTER TWELVE: INTELLIGENCE
238 During the depths: On the Zitello family, see File 54050-240, INS.
241 When Dr. Thomas Salmon: On the life and career of Thomas W. Salmon, see Earl D. Bond, Thomas W. Salmon: Psychiatrist (New York: W.W. Norton, 1950) and Manon Parry, “Thomas W. Salmon: Advocate of Mental Hygiene,” American Journal of Public Health 96, no. 10 (October 2006).
241 Salmon saw the chance: For a description of the work of a psychologist on line examination at Ellis Island, see Thaddeus S. Dayton, “Importing Our Insane,” HW, October 19, 1912.
242 Salmon was on the: Ian Robert Dowbiggin, Keeping America Sane: Psychiatry and Eugenics in the United States and Canada, 1880–1940 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997), 203.
242 The results of Salmon’s work: Salmon would later become the first medical director of the National Committee for Mental Hygiene. During World War I, he served as a consultant for the U.S. Army and worked with returning soldiers suffering from shell shock and other psychological disorders. In 1923, he was elected president of the American Psychiatric Association.