American Rifle - Alexander Rose [252]
99. Church, “American Arms and Ammunition,” p. 436.
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100. Williamson, Winchester, p. 74, and see associated table of prices.
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101. W. H. Becker, “American Manufacturers and Foreign Markets, 1870–1900: Business Historians and the ‘New Economic Determinists,’” Business History Review 47, no. 4 (1973), pp. 466–81, provides a good overview of the issues concerned.
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Chapter 6
1. “Col. Berdan’s Sharp-shooters,” New York Times, August 7, 1861, p. 8.
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2. On Confederate rifle training, see P. Katcher, Sharpshooters of the American Civil War, 1861–65 (Oxford, U.K.: Osprey, 2002), pp. 46–48.
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3. H. D. Langley, ed., To Utah with the Dragoons and Glimpses of Life in Arizona and California, 1858–1859 (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1974), p. 73.
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4. D. C. McChristian, An Army of Marksmen: The Development of United States Army Marksmanship in the Nineteenth Century (Fort Collins, Colo.: Old Army Press, 1981), pp. 10–11.
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5. J.H. Moore, ed., “Letters from a Santa Fe Army Clerk, 1855–1856,” New Mexico Historical Review 40, no. 2 (1965), p. 143.
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6. McChristian, Army of Marksmen, pp. 11–17; H. P. Walker, “The Enlisted Soldier on the Frontier,” in J. P. Tate, ed., The American Military on the Frontier: The Proceedings of the 7th Military History Symposium: (Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History, 1978), pp. 124–25.
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7. Quoted in McChristian, Army of Marksmen, p. 39. McChristian says that Gibbon was “obviously twenty-five years behind the times in his attitude towards tactics,” which I think too dismissive. See a different view in H. M. Stanley, My Early Travels and Adventures in America and Asia (1895; reprint London: Gerald Duckworth & Co., 2001), p. 137.There the journalist-traveler Stanley says that Gibbon was “one of the most brilliant officers in the army.”
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8. Quoted in C. M. Robinson, General Crook and the Western Frontier (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2001), p. 183.
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9. Cited in J. W. Vaughn, With Crook at the Rosebud (Harrisburg, Pa.: Stackpole, 1956), p. 191. J. W. Vaughan, Indian Fights: New Facts on Seven Encounters (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1966), pp. 117–44, has an analysis of the campaign.
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10. J. Finerty, War-path and Bivouac, or the Conquest of the Sioux: A Narrative . . . (1890; reprint Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994), pp. 92–93.
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11. Walker, “Enlisted Soldier,” p. 119.
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12. McChristian, Army of Marksmen, pp. 22–24.
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13. Quoted in C. King (who was there), Campaigning with Crook (1890; reprint Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1964), p. 120.
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14. Quoted in L.A. Garavaglia and C. G. Worman, Firearms of the American West (1803–1865, 1866–1894), 2 vols. (1984–85; reprint Niwot: University of Colorado, 1997–98), p. 2:44.
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15. G.W. Wingate, Manual for Target Practice, Including . . . (New York: W. C. & F. P. Church, 1872). On Wingate’s background, see J. G. Wilson and J. Fiske, eds., Appleton’s Encyclopaedia of American Biography (New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1889), p. 574.
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16. J. Parker, The Old Army Memories, 1872–1918 (Philadelphia: Dorrance & Co., 1929), p. 18. On the international flavor of the army at the time, see King, Campaigning, p. 7.
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17. R. M. Utley, Frontier Regulars: The United States Army and the Indian, 1866–1891 (New York: Macmillan, 1973), p. 74.
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18. H. Blumenthal, “George Bancroft in Berlin: 1867–1874,” New England Quarterly 37, no.2 (1964), pp. 224–41; D.F. Bowers, “Hegel, Darwin, and the American Tradition,” in Bowers, ed., Foreign Influences in American Life: Essays and Critical Bibliographies (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1944), pp. 146–71.
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19. Sherman to S. A. Hurlbut, May 26, 1874, quoted in Utley, Frontier Regulars, p. 66. During the Civil War American tactics manuals (such as