American Rifle - Alexander Rose [269]
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52. Hatcher, Book of Garand, p. 91.
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53. Accordingly, Pedersen had repatented his invention before he left for Europe. “Rifle,” Patent no. 1,866,722, November 29, 1930 (granted July 12, 1932).
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54. “Infantry Report on the T3E2 (Garand),” in Hatcher, Book of Garand, pp. 99–100.
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55. See “Characteristics of Pedersen and Garand Caliber .276 Semiautomatic Rifles,” part of the report by the Semiautomatic Rifle Board, 3d series, December 9, 1931, in Hatcher, Book of Garand, pp. 101–6.
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56. Hatcher, Book of Garand, p. 110.
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57. Shulman to president of the board, February 25, 1932, in ibid., pp. 110–11.
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58. G. Perret, Old Soldiers Never Die: The Life of Douglas MacArthur (New York: Random House, 1996), pp. 150, 172–76; R. K. Griffith, Jr., “Quality Not Quantity: The Volunteer Army During the Depression,” Military Affairs 43, no. 4 (1979), pp. 171–77. At this time the congressionally mandated size of the regular army was 118,750 officers and men. Weigley, History of United States Army, p. 401.
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59. W. Manchester, American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur, 1880–1964 (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1978), p. 153;Weigley, History of United States Army, p. 414.
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60. Quoted in Weigley, History of United States Army, p. 403.
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61. In 1924, when both departmental budgets reached their nadir, Ordnance received $5,812,180 out of the War Department’s $256,669,118 (or 2.26 percent of the total); in 1940 the latter’s budget had “merely” tripled to $813,816,590, but Ordnance’s had rocketed to $176,546,788, or thirtyfold. See Table I, “Total Appropriations for the Ordnance Department Compared with Total Appropriations for the Military Activities of the War Department,” in E. C. Ezell, The Search for a Lightweight Rifle: The M14 and M16 Rifles (unpub. Ph.D. diss., Cleveland, Ohio: Case Western Reserve University, 1969), p. 64.
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62. V. Cunningham, British Writers of the Thirties (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988), pp. 200–201. See also Martin Ceadel’s important essay, “Popular Fiction and the Next War, 1918–1939,” in F. Gloversmith, ed., Class, Culture and Social Change: A New View of the 1930s (Brighton, [U.K.]: Harvester Press, 1980), pp. 161–84.
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63. G. Godwin, Empty Victory (London: John Long, 1932), and “Miles” (Stephen Southwold), The Gas War of 1940 (London: Eric Partridge, 1931). See also B. Stableford, “Man-made Catastrophes,” in E. S. Rabkin, M. H. Greenberg, and J. D. Olander, eds., The End of the World (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1983), p. 122; I. F. Clarke, Voices Prophesying War, 1763–3749 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992); “N. Bell” (Stephen Southwold), My Writing Life (London: A. Redman, 1955), p. 148.
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64. J. F. C. Fuller, War and Western Civilization, 1832–1932 (London: Duckworth, 1932), p. 250; M. Ter Borg, “Reducing Offensive Capabilities—The Attempt of 1932,” Journal of Peace Studies 29, no. 2 (1992), pp. 145–60; D. Richardson, “The Geneva Disarmament Conference, 1932–1934,” in Richardson and G. Stone, eds., Decisions and Diplomacy: Essays in Twentieth-Century International History in Memory of George Grün and Esmonde Robertson (London: Routledge, 1995), pp. 60–82. Hoffman Nickerson reported that “the delegate of the microscopic Dominican Republic, strutting his little hour on the world stage, solemnly said that since ‘the League of Nations desires to spread among the childhood and youth of the world ideals of peace, fraternity and international co-operation—the Dominican Republic . . . has the honour to propose . . . to all the countries here represented that they should agree to prohibit the manufacture of warlike toys.’” Nickerson, Can We Limit War? (London: Arrowsmith, 1933), p. 181.
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