American Rifle - Alexander Rose [274]
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33. S. L. A. Marshall, Men Against Fire: The Problem of Battle Command (1947; reprint Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2000), pp. 50–63.
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34. Ibid., p. 82.
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35. Ibid., p. 2.
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36. Ibid., pp. 2–3.
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37. On this subject see F. Smoler, “The Secret of the Soldiers Who Didn’t Shoot,” American Heritage 40, no. 2 (1989).
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38. K. C. Jordan, “Right for the Wrong Reasons: S.L.A. Marshall and the Ratio of Fire in Korea,” Journal of Military History 66, no. 1 (2002), pp. 135–62.
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39. P. Cardinal, “Marksmanship and the U.S. Army,” American Rifleman 99 (June 1951), pp. 14–17, 19.
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40. Editorial, “Army Marksmanship,” American Rifleman 99, no. 12 (December 1951).
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41. H. W. Baldwin, “Infantry Adjusts Role,” New York Times, November 23, 1953, p. 17.
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42. See D. Liwanag, “Improving Army Marksmanship: Regaining the Initiative in the Infantry’s Half Kilometer,” Infantry Magazine, July/August 2006; McNaugher, M16 Controversies, p. 61 and n35.
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43. There are more recent manifestations of this opinion. One newspaper has reported that “hunting is on the decline across the nation as participation has fallen over the last three decades” (down from 19.1 million in 1975 to 12.5 million in 2006). There are different explanations for the phenomenon: “Wildlife officials and environmental researchers” cite “rural depopulation, higher gas prices, and the increased leasing of land by small exclusive clubs or the posting of ‘No Hunting’ signs by private land owners”; others, however, note the “prevalence of single-parent homes, where the father is not present to pass down the tradition, and the growing popularity of indoor activities that offer immediate gratification, like the Internet, video games and movies.” See I. Urbina, “To Revive Hunting, States Turn to the Classroom,” New York Times, March 8, 2008, p. A1.
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44. B. Shadel, “What Price Riflemen?” American Rifleman 99, no. 3 (March 1951), pp. 31–32.
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45. Editorial, “Aimless Fire,” American Rifleman 99, no. 9 (September 1951).
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46. D. L. Jackson, “The Man with a Rifle,” American Rifleman 99 (December 1951), pp. 13–15.
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47. On Carten’s background, see Ezell, Lightweight Rifle, p. 210n45. Ridgway’s keeping of a Model 1903 in his car is noted in the editorial “Springfield, 1903,” Washington Post, August 16, 1951, p. 6.
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48. Hallahan, Misfire, pp. 434–37.
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49. Quoted in Ezell, Lightweight Rifle, p. 210.
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50. “.30-caliber Bullet Adopted for NATO,” New York Times, December 16, 1953, p. 5.
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51. Baldwin, “The Belgian Rifle Case,” New York Times, February 4, 1954, p. 8; “Churchill Out on Range to Test Disputed Rifle,” New York Times, January 26, 1954, p. 6.
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52. O. N. Bradley and C. Blair, A General’s Life (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983), p. 107.
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53. B. Welles, “Churchill Faces Commons Fight on Decision to Use Belgian Rifle,” New York Times, January 29, 1954, p. 4.
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54. Ezell, “Cracks in Post-war Alliance,” p. 141.
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55. “Churchill Chides Laborites for Seeking ‘Faults’ of U.S.,” New York Times, February 2, 1954, p. 1.
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56. “Britain Will Adopt Belgian Rifle Favored by U.S. for Use by NATO,” New York Times, January 20, 1954, p. 1. Rather presciently, one of Churchill’s leading Labour opponents on the issue, Woodrow Wyatt (later, ironically, to become one of Margaret Thatcher’s most unabashed conservative admirers), had predicted during the recent rifle debate that there was “no evidence that the United States would agree within the next ten years to adopt the new Belgian rifle.” Quoted in “Churchill Chides Laborites,” p. 1.
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57. See H. W. Baldwin