Americans in Paris_ Life and Death Under Nazi Occupation - Charles Glass [209]
p. 50 ‘I had a stroke’ Quoted ibid., p. 238.
p. 50 ‘During the bombardments … lay cut in half’ Ibid., p. 239.
p. 51 ‘This near lynching’ Craig Lloyd, Eugene Bullard: Black Expatriate in Jazz-Age Paris, Athens, GA and London: University of Georgia Press, 2000, p. 12.
p. 51 ‘there never was any name-calling’ Carisella and Ryan, The Black Swallow of Death, p. 70.
p. 52 ‘I was always’ Ibid., p. 156.
p. 52 ‘a certain person in Paris’ Ibid.
p. 53 The squadrons in which Lloyd, Eugene Bullard, p. 58.
p. 53 He was also the only black A subsequent investigation by the US air force found that the US Army had initially recommended Bullard ‘for transfer to the [US] Air Service as a sergeant rather than receive a commission’. William C. Hemidahl, Chief, Reference Division, Center of Air Force History, ‘Memorandum for AF/DPP, From: Center for Air Force History, Subject: Application for Correction of Military Records–Bullard, Eugene J.’, 3 August 1994, p. 1. All other American flyers were granted immediate American officers’ commissions. Major General Michael McGinty, the director of Air Force Personnel Programs, concluded in 1994 that ‘Eugene Bullard was not granted entry into the American Air Service because of his race.’ Michael McGinty, Major General, USAF, ‘Memorandum for SAF/MIBR, From: HQ USAF/DPP, 1040 Air Force Pentagon, Subject: Application for Correction of Military Records (DD Form 149)–Bullard, Eugene J., 123-45-6789’, 8 August 1994. No African-American pilot was commissioned until 1943, and that was in a racially segregated squadron.
p. 54 ‘If someone needed’ Quoted in Lloyd, Eugene Bullard, p. 103.
p. 55 Bullard opened another William Shack, Harlem in Montmartre, Berkeley, CA and London: University of California Press, 2001, p. 109.
p. 55 ‘Like most American men’ Carisella and Ryan, The Black Swallow of Death, p. 229.
p. 55 Fluent in German, French Lloyd, Eugene Bullard, p. 111.
p. 55 ‘Of course, they figured’ Carisella and Ryan, The Black Swallow of Death, p. 231.
p. 56 ‘Bullard, I didn’t know’ Ibid., p. 233.
p. 56 Trumpeter Arthur Briggs Rudolph Dunbar, ‘Trumpet Player Briggs Freed After Four Years in Camp near Paris’, Chicago Daily Defender, 23 September 1945, p. 3.
p. 57 ‘Major Bader assigned’ Carisella and Ryan, The Black Swallow of Death, p. 241.
p. 58 ‘to take advantage’ Letter from Roger Bader, Galeries Saint-Michel, boulevard Saint-Michel, Paris V, 20 September 1947.
p. 58 Bullard walked and hitch-hiked Lloyd, Eugene Bullard, pp. 118–20.
p. 58 ‘By the time … I made such good time … Better get out of that’ Carisella and Ryan, The Black Swallow of Death, pp. 237–43.
p. 59 ‘I told him I had never’ Ibid.
p. 59 ‘Columbus, Georgia, October 9, 1894’ Bullard gave his year of birth as 1894 in his memoirs (see ibid., p. 244), but another biographer, Craig Lloyd, who did thorough documentary research, wrote that the date was 9 October 1895, as given in the family’s Bible (see Craig Lloyd, Eugene Bullard, p. 8). He may have added a year to his age in 1914 to join the Foreign Legion.
p. 59 On 12 July, Bullard left ‘Americans Report Nazis Fill Spain’, New York Times, 19 July 1940, p. 10.
p. 59 ‘My bicycle had vanished’ Carisella and Ryan, The Black Swallow of Death, p. 246.
Chapter Five: Le Millionnaire américain
p. 60 ‘We wandered like’ Gaston Bedaux, La Vie ardente de Charles Bedaux, Paris: privately published, 3 June 1959, p. 68.
p. 60 ‘didn’t want to believe me’ Ibid.
p. 60 As the Germans deployed Ibid.
p. 60 Ambassador Bullitt and Counsellor Murphy ‘Embassy Refuge Picked’, New York Times, 3 December 1939, p. 5.
p. 61 Bedaux, who granted a lease Bedaux, La Vie ardente de Charles Bedaux. A copy of the uncashed cheque is reproduced in an appendix.
p. 61 The dining table seated Janet Flanner, ‘Annals of Collaboration: Equivalism I’, The New Yorker, 22 September 1945, p. 40.
p. 61 ‘The chateau has one’ ‘Embassy Refuge Picked