Americans in Paris_ Life and Death Under Nazi Occupation - Charles Glass [214]
Chapter Eight: Americans at Vichy
p. 98 Miss Morgan, who had returned ‘Five Women Sail to Assist Allies’, New York Times, 3 March 1940, p. 3.
p. 98 ‘About that time … Finno-hysteria broke out’ Polly Peabody, Occupied Territory, London: The Cresset Press, 1941, p. 3.
p. 98 The American-Scandinavian Field Hospital’s ‘Hospital Formed to Help Finland’, New York Times, 11 February 1940, p. 28. The group’s headquarters were at 340 Park Avenue, and among the sponsors were Prince Carl, chief of the Swedish Red Cross, former President Herbert Hoover, Mrs Frederic Guest and Mrs Winston Guest.
p. 98 ‘the Black Eagle of Harlem’ Peabody, Occupied Territory, p. 7. (I met ‘Colonel’ Julian in Beirut in 1975, when he announced an offer to restore Emperor Haile Selasse to his throne in Ethiopia. He may actually have come to Lebanon to sell arms to one faction or another in the nascent civil war. The adventures of this flamboyant character had already been recorded in Peter Nugent’s The Black Eagle of Harlem, New York: Bantam Books, 1972.)
p. 99 ‘At each station’ Peabody, Occupied Territory, p. 104.
p. 99 ‘Hell, we’ll be just … I turned on him’ Ibid., pp. 105–6.
p. 99 ‘“Where is everybody”’ Ibid., pp. 110–11.
p. 99 ‘The people were’ Ibid., p. 114.
p. 100 ‘the Mayor had not waited’ Ibid., p. 115.
p. 100 ‘Stepping into the street’ Ibid., pp. 117–18.
p. 100 ‘During the first few days’ Ibid., p. 119.
p. 101 ‘a French duchess’ Ibid., p. 122.
p. 101 The American Embassy made its ‘Office Memorandum, American Consul Walter W. Orebaugh, to S. Pinckney Tuck, Chargé d’Affaires ad interim, Vichy’, 31 October 1942, Enclosure: List of Properties, US National Archives, College Park, Maryland, General Records of the State Department, Decimal File Box 1168, 351.115/136.
p. 101 ‘They made up their minds’ Clara Longworth de Chambrun, Shadows Lengthen: The Story of My Life, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1949, p. 129.
p. 101 Ambassador Bullitt had left Orville Bullitt (ed.), For the President, Personal and Secret: Correspondence Between Franklin D. Roosevelt and William C. Bullitt, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1972, p. 476. Will Brownell and Richard N. Billings, So Close to Greatness: A Biography of William C. Bullitt, New York; Macmillan, 1987, pp. 261–2.
p. 101 Bullitt caught up with Paul Saurin, ‘The Allied Landing in North Africa’, in France During the German Occupation, 1940–1944: A Collection of 292 Statements on the Government of Maréchal Pétain and Pierre Laval, Translated from the French by Philip W. Whitcomb, Palo Alto, CA: The Hoover Institution, Stanford University, vol. II, 1957, p. 600. Saurin, parliamentary deputy for Oran, met Bullitt and Murphy at the Hôtel de Charlannes just after their arrival.
p. 101 ‘seemed to have lost’ Longworth de Chambrun, Shadows Lengthen, p. 129.
p. 102 The Americans tended See Robert O. Paxton, Vichy France: Old Guard and New Order, 1940–1944, New York: W. W. Norton and Company (also London: Barrie and Jenkins), 1972, pp. 60–63. Part of the thesis of Paxton’s excellent book is that the Vichy initiatives seeking collaboration with Germany were supported by Pétain, Admiral Darlan and a majority of ministers, rather than by Laval alone.
p. 102 Pétain not only cut Paxton, Vichy France, p. 56. Laval was reported to have said to Pétain when he ordered the attack on the British, ‘You have just lost one war. Do you want to lose another?’
p. 102 The dissenter was ‘Lone Dissenting Senator In France Is a U.S. Citizen’, New York Times, 10 July 1940, p. 4.
p. 102 ‘During that morning’ Peabody, Occupied Territory, p. 119.
p. 103 ‘the single example of courage’ Bullitt (ed.), For the President, pp. 490–91.
p. 104 ‘Vive la République’ Ibid., p. 491. Brownell and Billings, So Close to Greatness, p. 262. See also William L. Shirer, The Collapse of the Third Republic: An Inquiry into the Fall of France in 1940, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1969, p. 942. Shirer wrote that the voice was that of