Ameritopia_ The Unmaking of America - Mark R. Levin [101]
1. THE TYRANNY OF UTOPIA
1. My references to utopianism are short for political utopianism.
2. Karl Popper, The Poverty of Historicism (London and New York: Routledge Classics, 2010), 43.
3. Ibid., 33–34.
4. Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France (London: Seeley, 1872), 93.
5. Eric Hoffer, The True Believer: Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 11.
6. Mark R. Levin, Liberty and Tyranny: A Conservative Manifesto (New York: Threshold Editions, 2009).
7. Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, vol. 2 (New York: Knopf Everyman’s Edition, 1994), 87. Subsequent references to this work will be to (Volume, Page).
8. It is also important not to conflate the inability of people to redress radical egalitarianism with their acceptance of it.
9. Friedrich Hayek, The Constitution of Liberty (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960), 85.
10. Levin, Liberty and Tyranny, 16–17.
11. See ibid., citing Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (New York: Collier, 1937).
12. Popper, The Poverty of Historicism, 73.
13. Whether recourse to violence builds into a popular uprising and whether the utopia survives depends on the nature of the utopia and myriad factors and events that are not the subject of this book.
14. Frédéric Bastiat, The Law (New York: Quality Books, 1998), 32–33.
15. Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia (New York: Literary Classics, 1984), 211.
16. Raymond Aron, The Opium of the Intellectuals (New Brunswick: Transaction, 2007), xiii–xiv.
17. Joseph Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy (New York: Harper, 1976), 153–54.
18. Bastiat, The Law, 4–5.
19. Popper, The Poverty of Historicism, 43.
20. F. A. Hayek, The Fatal Conceit: The Errors of Socialism, W. W. Bartley III, ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991), 152–53.
21. Levin, Liberty and Tyranny, 3–4.
22. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay, The Federalist Papers (New York: Penguin, 1987).
23. Ibid.
24. Stuart Taylor Jr., “Marshall Sounds Critical Note on Bicentennial,” New York Times, May 7, 1987, as quoted in Mark R. Levin, Men in Black: How the Supreme Court Is Destroying America (Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 2004), 9.
25. Ibid.
26. Speech at Lewistown, Illinois, Aug. 17, 1858, The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, vol. 2 (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1953), 546–47.
27. Levin, Liberty and Tyranny, 4, quoting Alexis de Toqueville, Democracy in America (New York: Penguin, 2003).
2. PLATO’S REPUBLIC AND THE PERFECT SOCIETY
1. Plato, Republic (New York: Barnes & Noble Classics, 2004). All references to Republic are to the commonly accepted line numbering system used in this as well as most other translations.
2. Although the ruling class comes from the guardian population, for purposes of this discussion they will be used interchangeably.
3. Donald J. Zeyl, ed., Encyclopedia of Classical Philosophy (London: Routledge, 1947), 400. See Aristotle, Metaphysics.
4. Encyclopedia of Classical Philosophy, 404.
5. See F. C. Copleston, ed., A History of Philosophy, vol. 1 (New York: Image Books, 1985), 232–33.
6. Ibid.
7. Karl R. Popper, The Open Society and its Enemies, vol. 1, Plato (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971), 102.
8. Raymond H. Anderson, “Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomani, 89, Relentless Founder of Iran’s Islamic Republic,” New York Times, June 5, 1989, http://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/05/world/ayatollah-ruhollah-khomeini-89–relentless-founder-of-iran-s-islamic-republic.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm (July 16, 2011).
9. Popper, Plato, 199–200.
3. THOMAS MORE’S UTOPIA AND RADICAL EGALITARIANISM
1. Thomas More, Utopia. First published in Antwerp, 1516, in Latin. The first English language translation, by Ralph Robinson, was published in 1551. The edition used herein was edited by Wayne A. Rebhorn (New York: Barnes and Noble Classics, 2005). Unless otherwise