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40. PPACA, Section 4205.

41. Henry Rogers Seager, Social Insurance: A Program of Social Reform (New York: Macmillan, 1910).

42. Levin, Liberty and Tyranny, 96.

43. Seager, Social Insurance, 1–2.

44. Ibid., 3.

45. Ibid., 5.

46. Ibid., 118.

47. Ibid., 150–51.

48. Ibid., 151–61.

49. Ibid., 161–62.

50. Ibid., 162.

51. Ibid., 168.

52. Ibid., 175.

53. Charlotte A. Twight, Dependent on D.C.: The Rise of Federal Control Over the Lives of Ordinary Americans (New York: Palgrave, 2002), 62.

54. Ibid.

55. Levin, Liberty and Tyranny, 98, citing Arthur Schlesinger Jr., The Coming of the New Deal (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1959), 308.

56. Twight, Dependent on D.C., 76.

57. The 2011 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees, Federal Old Age and Survivors Insurance and Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, June 2011), 2.

58. Twight, Dependent on D.C., 199.

59. Levin, Liberty and Tyranny, 102, citing Lyndon B. Johnson, “Remarks with President Truman at the Signing in Independence of the Medicare Bill,” July 30, 1965, Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum, http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/Johnson/archives.hom/speeches.hom/650730.asp (July 14, 2010).

60. Ibid.

61. Ibid., 103, citing Larry DeWitt, “The Medicare Program as a Capstone to the Great Society—Recent Revelations in the LBJ White House Tapes,” citing White House tape WH6503.11, Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum, May 2003, http://www.larrydewitt.net/Essays/MedicareDaddy.htm.

62. The 2011 Annual Report of the Boards of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance and Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Funds (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, May 2011), 4.

63. Congressional Budget Office, The Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2010 to 2020.

64. “Financial Condition of Social Security,” Peter G. Peterson Foundation, June 6, 2011, http://www.pgpf.org/Issues/Fiscal-Outlook/2011/06/The-Financial-Condition-of-Social-Security.aspx?p=1 (July 14, 2011).

65. Richard S. Foster, “Statement of Actuarial Opinion,” 2011 Federal Hospital Insurance Trustees Report, 266.

66. 2011 Federal Hospital Insurance Trustees Report, 52.

67. Franklin D. Roosevelt, “State of the Union Message to Congress,” Jan. 11, 1944, http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/archives/address_text.html (July 14, 2011).

68. Levin, Liberty and Tyranny, 102, citing Harry Truman, “Annual Message to the Congress on the State of the Union,” January 7, 1948, http://www.c-span.org/executive/transcript.asp?cat=bush_admin&year=1948.

69. Frank Newport, “Americans Expect Health Bill to Mainly Help Poor, Uninsured,” Gallup, March 19, 2010, http://www.gallup.com/poll/126812/Americans-Expect-Health-Bill-Mainly-Help-Poor-Uninsured.aspx?version=print (July 14, 2011).

70. Peter Roff, “Pelosi: Pass Health Reform So You Can Find Out What’s In It,” U.S. News & World Report, Politics blog, March 9, 2010, http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/peter-roff/2010/03/09/pelosi-pass-health-reform-so-you-can-find-out-whats-in-it (July 14, 2011).

71. Thomas Jefferson, “Letter to James Madison,” The Debate on the Constitution (New York: Library of America, 1993), 213.

72. Shailagh Murray, “Bill Clinton urges Senate Democrats to quickly pass health-care reform,” Washington Post, Nov. 11, 2009, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/11/10/AR2009111017413.html (July 14, 2011).

73. Barack Obama, “Remarks By the President at the Annual Conference of the American Medical Association,” June 15, 2009, http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/remarks-president-annual-conference-american-medical-association (July 14, 2011).

74. Shubham Singhal, Jeris Stueland, and Drew Ungerman, “How U.S. health care reform will affect employee benefits,” McKinsey Quarterly, June 2011, http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/How_US_health_care_reform_will_affect_employee_benefits_2813 (July 14, 2011).

75. Obama, “AMA Remarks.”

76. Ibid.

77. Martin Feldstein, “ObamaCare Is All About Rationing,” Wall Street