Area 51_ An Uncensored History of America's Top Secret Military Base - Annie Jacobsen [239]
35. “mission is to advance technology and promote related innovation”: Google DOE.gov and this statement is the subhead. Or go to http://www.energy.gov/.
36. formal beginning in 1908: Federal Bureau of Investigation Official Web site, Timeline of FBI History, 1900–1909.
37. Yuri Ivanovich Nosenko in a secret CIA prison: Edward Jay Epstein and Susana Duncan, “The War of the Moles,” New York, 28–37.
38. His true allegiance remains the subject of debate: Walter Pincus, “Yuri I. Nosenko, KGB Agent Who Defected to the U.S.,” Washington Post, August 27, 2008. In CIA documents released decades later, Nosenko is quoted as forgiving the CIA for the harsh treatment, stating “while I regret my three years of incarceration, I have no bitterness and now understand how it could happen.” Shortly before he died, CIA officials gave Nosenko a ceremonial U.S. flag from CIA director Michael Hayden.
39. memorandum dated May 1, 1995: Memorandum to Members of the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments, from Advisory Committee Staff, May 1, 1995, “Official Classification Policy to Cover Up Embarrassment.” Clinton Staff Memo is marked “Draft, For Discusssion Purposes Only,” and cites 1947 memo listed below.
40. “All documents and correspondence”: “Report of Meeting of Classification Board During Week of September 8, 1947,” Atomic Energy Commission.
41. “cause considerable concern to the Atomic Energy Commission insurance Branch”: September 28, 1947, memorandum from J.C. Franklin, manager Oak Ridge Operations to Carroll L. Wilson, General Manager Re: Medical Policy, 2–3; located circa 1995 by Clinton staff.
42. “medical papers on human administration experiments done to date”: Ibid.
43. “reworded or deleted”: October 8, 1947, Memorandum to Advisory Board on Medical and Biology Re: Medical Policy, 8; located circa 1995 by Clinton staff.
44. In 2011 there are an estimated 1.8 billion Internet users: According to Miniwatts Marketing Group.
45. Deny Ignorance: Interview with AboveTopSecret CEO Bill Irvine.
46. the New World Order conspiracy theory: Wikipedia has an interesting overview of New World conspiracy theories, with bibliography.
Chapter Twenty: From Camera Bays to Weapons Bays, the Air Force Takes Control
Interviews: Richard Mingus, Ed Lovick, Bob Murphy, T. D. Barnes, Gene Poteat, Peter Merlin, Harry Martin, Millie Meierdierck, Dr. Wheelon, Joe Behne
1. most sensational near catastrophes: Interview with Richard Mingus. Interview with Joe Behne.
2. a mock helicopter attack: The details of the mock helicopter attack remain classified. Darwin Morgan, spokesman for the NNSA, Nevada Site Office, would neither confirm nor deny the event. Both Mingus and Behne were able to discuss this event with me because the details of the helicopter attack were only ever relayed to them secondhand. Their jobs had to do with the nuclear bomb going down the hole. In other words, while both men were privy to the security scare, neither man was ever officially briefed on the mock attack.
3. The bomb, one of eighteen: U.S. Department of Energy, United States Nuclear Tests, July 1945 through September 1992, 14.
4. five-man security response team: Interview with Mingus. This is one of the rare security stories from the secret base. Mingus tells it because the procedure is now obsolete.
5. Quick conversation with Joe Behne: Interview with Joe Behne.
6. With astounding lack of foresight, Wackenhut Security: Interview with Richard Mingus. Interview with Joe Behne.
7. using slide rules and calculators: Interview with Ed Lovick.
8. “roughly the size of a ball bearing”: Interview with Lovick and specifically “based on 15GhHz radar, .08 wavelength.”
9. The man in charge of engineering, fabrication, and assembly: Interviews with Bob Murphy.
10. at Groom Lake to drop bombs: Barnes points out that some bombs were dropped close in to the dry lake bed at Area 51.
11. to use a preexisting, little-known bombing range: Johnson, “Tonopah Test Range Outpost of