Augustus_ The Life of Rome's First Emperor - Anthony Everitt [193]
“great and important city” Cic Phil 11 26.
“You must show yourself” Nic 16.
another letter from Atia The implication when App 39–10 and Nic 16 are compared suggests that Atia wrote with the immediate news and then followed up with a second letter from her and Philippus; but the references could be to the same letter.
knew that the assassination Plut Ant 13 1.
“Why, this is violence!” Suet Caes 82 1.
like a wild animal App 2117.
“already had his eyes” Nic 18.
“followers call him Caesar” Cic Att 366 (14 12).
major eruption R. Stothers, 2002: “Cloudy and Clear Stratospheres Before A.D. 1000 Inferred from Written Sources,” J. Geophysical Research, Vol. 107, No. D23.
“wars that grow in the dark” Virg Geo 464–68.
stars could be seen Pliny 22798.
“everything to his name” Cic Phil 13 11 25.
“Heap as many insults” App 328.
“Could anything be” Cic Att 388 15 10.
“Octavian…does not lack” Ibid., 3901512.
“On the very day” Pliny 22393–94. Octavian wrote his autobiography, now lost, in 25 B.C. The discussion of the games is indebted to J. Ramsey and A. Lewis Licht, The Comet of 44 B.C. and Caesar’s Funeral Games (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1997), pp. 236f.
“Mad with anger” This paragraph and the following, including the quotations, are drawn from App 339.
VI. FROM VICTORY, DEFEAT
Appian’s and Cicero’s speeches against Antony, the Philippics, are the best sources. Dio also covers the subject.
“You will learn” App 343.
“He is very much a boy” Cic Att 420 (16 11).
“a blowout” Cic Phil 3820.
“If your are successful” Macr 23 12.
“The Ides of March was a fine deed” Cic Att 366 (14 12).
“Gaius Caesar is a young man” Cic Phil, 323.
“this heaven-sent youth” Ibid., 51643.
“I promise, I undertake” Ibid., 18 51.
“praised, honoured—and raised up” Cic Fam 401 11 20.
“He reflected on the way” App 364.
In the first week or so of April My description seeks to reconcile differences among the sources—App 366–72, Cic Fam 378 10 30, and Dio 37–38.
“they put the survivors” App 370.
“He did not reappear” Suet Aug 10 4.
“Though bleeding and wounded” Ibid., 10 4.
“It is quite incredible” Cic Brut 12 2 (1 6 2).
“Nature forbids me” App 373.
“I have given plenty of hints” Ibid., 380.
“this abominable war” Cic Fam 384 10 14.
“spineless readiness to serve” App 392.
twelve vultures It can be argued that this story is a fiction put about by Octavian’s propagandists. It seems unlikely, though, that such a public event was invented when thousands of Romans could give it the lie.
VII. KILLING FIELDS
Appian provides a detailed narrative, and Dio also covers this period. Plutarch and Suetonius evoke the impact of Philippi on individuals. The discussion of Sextus Pompeius is indebted to Sextus Pompeius, Anton Powell and Kathryn Welch, eds.
“he carried it out more ruthlessly” Suet Aug 27 1.
he let his own uncle Plut Ant Comp 51.
“Many people were murdered” App 413.
One tragic tale Ibid., 430.
A funerary inscription Laudatio Turiae, ILS.
“You provided abundantly” Ibid., 2a.
A year later That is, after the battle of Philippi.
“That matter was soon” Laudatio Turiae 11, ILS.
“I did not take my father’s line” Suet Aug 70 2.
still a very young man App 5133. For Sextus’ age, see Powell/Welch, pp. 105–6.
“Whoever makes his journey” Quoted, from an unidentified play, by App 285.
“With his greater mobility” Ibid., 483.
“His small boats” Ibid., 436.
“for the sake of ensuring harmony” Vell Pat 2623.
According to Agrippa and Maecenas Pliny 745.
“[Octavian] heard of the situation” Dio 47 37.
“fog of war” The phrase originated in the Napoleonic Wars and referred to the clouds of smoke produced by black gunpowder. The Prussian military thinker Karl von Clausewitz used the term to refer to the difficulty of getting reliable information, even of the most basic sort, during a war.
“returned looking more like porters” App 4 112.
“Tell him I wish him” Ibid.
“gave orders” Val Max 171.
spent three days skulking Pliny 7 148.
“Some committed suicide