Been in the Storm So Long_ The Aftermath of Slavery - Leon F. Litwack [463]
109. On black Bureau agents, see, e.g., the letters and reports of Martin R. Delany and B. F. Randolph, Records of the Assistant Commissioners, South Carolina (Letters Received), and of J. J. Wright, Records of the Subdivision of Beaufort, South Carolina, Freedmen’s Bureau.
110. New Orleans Tribune, Dec. 14, 23, 1865.
111. De Forest, Union Officer in the Reconstruction, 39, 41–42. See also Dennett, The South As It Is, 109–10, 221.
112. New Orleans Tribune, Oct. 31, 1867; De Forest, Union Officer in the Reconstruction, 29–30. For typical cases handled by a Bureau agent, see, e.g., Reports of J. J. Wright, Records of the Subdivision of Beaufort, South Carolina, and the Tri-Monthly Reports of James DeGrey, as submitted to William H. Webster, Records of the Assistant Commissioners, Louisiana (Letters Received), Freedmen’s Bureau; Dennett, The South As It Is, 125–26; and De Forest, Union Officer in the Reconstruction, 28–36.
113. Dennett, The South As It Is, 73–74. See also the testimony of Lorenzo Ivy in Armstrong and Ludlow, Hampton and Its Students, 80.
114. Christian Recorder, June 23, 1866; Affidavit of Bacchus Brinson, Augusta, Ga., March 21, 1866, Freedmen’s Bureau (Registers of Letters Received), Georgia; Amos McCollough to Gen. O. O. Howard, May 6, 1866, Records of the Assistant Commissioners, North Carolina (Letters Received), Freedmen’s Bureau.
115. 39 Cong., 2 Sess., Senate Exec. Doc. 6, Reports of the Assistant Commissioners of Freedmen [Jan. 3, 1867], 113, 116; Capt. Randolph Stoops to Capt. George L. Childs, July 15, 1865, and Statement of Frederick Nicholas and Miner Poindexter of Columbia, Fluvanna Co., Virginia, June 28, 1865, Brock Collection, Henry E. Huntington Library.
116. Lt. George Parliss to Lt. Stuart Eldridge, April 9, 1866, Capt. J. H. Weber to Col. Samuel Thomas, July 1, 1865, Maj. George D. Reynolds to Lt. Stuart Eldridge, Oct. 5, 1865, Records of the Assistant Commissioners, Mississippi (Letters Received), Freedmen’s Bureau.
117. New Orleans Tribune, Oct. 31, 1867; Lt. C. W. Clarke to Col. Samuel Thomas, June 29, 1865, Records of the Assistant Commissioners, Mississippi (Letters Received), Freedmen’s Bureau.
118. New Orleans Tribune, Aug. 31, Oct. 22, 1865.
Chapter Eight: Back to Work: The New Dependency
1. Henry Lee Swint, The Northern Teacher in the South, 1862–1870 (Nashville, 1941), 89.
2. Christian Recorder, Sept. 30, 1865.
3. Nordhoff, Freedmen of South Carolina, 7–8.
4. Botume, First Days Amongst the Contrabands, 237; Towne, Letters and Diary, 31; New Orleans Tribune, Oct. 11, Nov. 21, 1865.
5. Lt. Edward M. Stoeber to Bvt. Maj. Taylor, July 24, 1865; “Memorandum of Extracts from Speech by Major Delany, African, at the Brick Church, St. Helena Island, South Carolina, Sunday, July 23, 1865,” submitted by Lt. Alexander Whyte, Jr., to Col. Charles H. Howard, Records of the Assistant Commissioners, South Carolina (Letters Received), Freedmen’s Bureau. For the speech’s repercussions, see also W. E. Towne to Bvt. Maj. Gen. Saxton, Aug. 17, 1865, in the same records.
6. Loyal Georgian, Jan. 20, 1866.
7. New York Times, April 30, 1865; 39 Cong., 1 Sess., Senate Exec. Doc. 53, Preliminary Report … by the American Freedmen’s Inquiry Commission, June 30, 1863, 6–7. For favorable views of black labor, see also, e.g., W. E. Towne to Bvt. Maj. Gen. Saxton, Aug. 17, 1865, Records of the Assistant Commissioners, South Carolina (Letters Received), Freedmen’s Bureau; A. C. Voris to Maj. George A. Hicks, Oct. 21, 1865, Brock Collection, Henry E. Huntington Library; 39 Cong., 1 Sess., Report of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction, Part 1, 117–18, Part II, 5, 13, 42, 43, 182, 247; Loring and Atkinson, Cotton Culture and the South, 8–9, 10; Reid, After the War, 569–70; Trowbridge, The South, 138, 162, 581; Colored Tennessean, March 24, 1866; Christian Recorder, Aug. 19, Sept. 30, 1865; New York Times, April 8, Oct. 1, Nov. 12, 1865.
8. Trowbridge, The South, 150.