Being Wrong - Kathryn Schulz [197]
“the imaginary relations.” Foucault, 30.
“the permanent possibility of someone having a better idea.” Richard Rorty, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (Princeton University Press, 1981), 349.
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Abelson, Robert P., 359–60n
abrupt belief change, 186–87
acceptance of error, 210, 245–46, 304
Adelson, Edward, 60, 65, 352n
Adorno, Theodor, 350–51n
Adventists, 212–14, 375n
Afghanistan, 154–55
After Harm (Berlinger), 300–301
Age of Turbulence (Greenspan), 88
agreement surplus, 149
Algeria, 64
al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad, 36, 189–90, 189–90n, 351n
alienation, 23, 280–81
Allen, Gregory, 240, 241
allure of certainty. See certainty
altered states, 36–40
Alzheimer’s disease, 80n
amnesia (amnesiacs), 19–22, 80n
Amundsen, Roald, 353n
anosognosia, 68–69, 77, 82, 354n
Anton’s Syndrome, 67–69, 77
Apology and Defense, An (Miller), 218–19
aporia, 319
Appenzell Ausserrhoden, 135, 146–47, 151
Appenzell Innerrhoden, 135, 146–47, 151
Aquinas, Thomas, 21–22, 28–29
arctic (superior) mirages, 50–52
Aristophanes, 259–60, 262, 265
Aristotle, 21, 277, 323
art (aesthetics), 15–16, 326–33, 338–39
Artemidorus Daldianus, 37–38
artificial intelligence (AI), 334–35
Asch, Solomon (line studies), 144–45, 155–56, 157
aspirin, 4
Atë, 262
atoms, 4, 221
Atwater, Ann, 275–78
auditory illusions, 61, 63–64
Augustine, 6, 23, 114, 140, 279, 283–87, 346n, 347–48n
Austen, Jane, 331n
autism, 102–3n
Avery, Steven, 225–27, 239–46
aviation accidents, 63, 302–3, 387n
Bacon, Francis, 129, 137–38, 349n
Bacon, Roger, 137, 139
Baffin, William, 48, 49
Baffin Bay, 48–49
Banaszak, Lee Ann, 147–48, 151, 364n
Barrow, John, 48–50, 52
Bartlett, Robert, 52, 60, 140
Bates, David, 41, 349–50n
Bay of Pigs, 152, 153
Bear Stearns, 88
Becker, Ernest, 336–37
Becton, Joe, 275–79
Beerntsen, Penny, 220–22, 224–27, 239–46
Beerntsen, Tom, 220–22, 227
“belief,” use of term, 96n
beliefs, 87–110
abrupt changes in, 186–87
communal. See community beliefs
confirmation bias and, 124–31
’Cuz It’s True Constraint, 104–9
distal. See distal beliefs
emotional consequences of, 94–95
everyday concept vs. philosophical of, 91–93
evidence and, 112–14
false. See false beliefs
gradual changes in, 184–86
Greenspan and financial crisis, 87–90
how they work, 93–95
knowledge vs., 70–71, 90–91
naïve realism and, 99–104, 333
theorizing instinct and, 96–99
bell curve, 34, 350–51n
Berger, Joseph, 174n
Bergner, Thomas, 380n
Bergson, Henri, 17, 324–25, 325n, 326, 390n
Berlinger, Nancy, 300–301
Best of Enemies (Davidson), 275–76, 383n
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), 299–301, 302, 304–6, 316, 317, 385–86n
Bettenson, Henry, 346n
“better safe than sorry” defense, 216, 216n
bias blind spot, 106–7, 361n
Bible, 33, 114n, 129, 279
Bierce, Ambrose, 163
Blackstone Group, 88
blaming other people defense, 215–16
blindness. See also error-blindness
denial of, 67–69
inattentional, 62–63
blind spot, 57–58, 106–7
bodily knowledge, 67–69, 79–82
Bok, Sissela, 232, 375n
Born, Brooksley, 90
Boswell, James, 170, 371n
Boutelle, Luther, 207
Brain Fiction (Hirstein), 78–80, 80n, 82–83, 165n, 167, 174
Brewster, David, 63–64
Bromgard, Jimmy Ray, 234–37
Brown v. Board of Education, 274–75
Buckhout, Robert, 377n
Bush, George W., 128, 152, 174–75, 176, 214
buyer’s remorse, 281–82
car accidents, 63
Carey, Susan, 290n, 384n
Carson, Anne, 330
categories (categorization), 12, 19–21, 120
Catholicism (Catholic Church), 7, 13–14, 114n, 146, 209
Catt, Carrie Chapman, 134
causation, inductive reasoning for, 120
certainty, 159–80
characteristics of, 159–64
cognitive dissonance, 179
defenses of, 165–70
James’ hypothetical scenario, 165–66
Jews of Judaea, 159–61
knowledge vs., 163–64
zealotry and, 161–63
Chabris, Christopher, 62
Challenger, 72–73, 355n
Chambers, Whittaker,