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Diana, Princess, 493

Direction de la Surveillance du Territoire (DST, France), 180–1

Disraeli, Benjamin, 9

Djaout, Taher, 412: Last Summer of Reason, 412

Doha, Abu, 433–4, 464

Doran, Michael, 489, 511

Dostoevsky, Fydor, 31–2; The Possessed, 32, 39

Downing Street Declaration (1993), 336

Dozier, General Lee, 219

Drenkmann Gunther von, 246

Drif, Zohra, 122, 125

Druze people, 157

Dublin: Easter Rising (1916), 19–20; IRA seizes buildings (1922), 24–5; British embassy burned (1972), 299; loyalist car-bombs exploded in, 301

Ducasse, Alain, 270

Dudayev, General Dzokhar, 404

Duff, Douglas, 95

Dundalk, Ireland, 152

Dungannon, Northern Ireland, 287

Dunlop, John, 403

Dunne, Reginald, 23

D’Urso, Giovanni, 218

Dutch Reformed Church, 138

du Toit, J. D., 139

Dutschke, Rudi, 194, 224, 226, 230, 246

Dyck, Elizabeth van, 249, 257, 262

dynamite: developed by Nobel, 12–13; qualities, 47; used by Russian terrorists, 47, 49; anarchists advocate use of, 74, 78

Dynamite Press (USA), 4

East Germany (German Democratic Republic): intervenes in southern Africa, 145; Communism, 223; supports former RAF members, 254, 260

Easter Rising (Dublin, 1916), 19–20, 24–5

Easy Rider (film), 229

Eban, Abba, 187

Ecke, Kobie van, 146

Eco, Umberto, 509

Edgar, David, 496

Edinburgh, Alfred Ernest Albert, Duke of: wounded by Fenians, 9

Edwards, Benjamin (‘Pretty Boy’), 304

Egypt: sharia law in, 88; and Jewish immigrants to Palestine, 90; in Six-Day War with Israel (1967), 135, 355; Palestinians train in, 136; physical description, 350–1; political history, 351–4; and Islamic ideology, 352–8; and Muslim Brotherhood, 352–5; student expansion and activism, 355–7; unites with Syria, 355; Copts in, 357–8; and assassination of Sadat, 359–60; police torture methods, 360; al-Zawahiri directs operations in, 380, 419; peace with Israel, 380; sends aid to Bosnian Muslims, 398; warns of jihadists in Bosnia, 401; acts against Islamist sympathisers, 419; US renditions to, 454; forces for democracy in, 492

Eid, Guy, 172

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 414

Eitan, Raphael, 185

Elizabeth, Empress of Austria, 82

Emancipation of Labour Group (Russia), 54

Emmet, Robert, 19

Empire Rival (ship), 106

Engel, George, 77

Engels, Friedrich, 6

Enniskillen: Provisional IRA bomb in, 331

Ensslin, Gudrun: background and activism, 221, 226–41, 244; arrested and imprisoned, 243, 245; tried and sentenced, 248–51; criticises Meinhof, 249; suicide, 256

Entebbe: Israeli raid on, 250

Enzensberger, Hans Magnus, 233

Enzensberger, Ulrich, 233

Eskubi, Jose Maria, 275

Esposito, Antonio, 218

Esprit (Catholic journal), 119

ETA (Euskadi Ta Askatasuna): bombing in France, 270; founded, 271–2; leadership and organisation, 273–4; activism and violence, 274–7, 283–6; military wing (ETA-m), 275, 277; recruitment and membership, 275; political-military wing (ETA p-m), 277; popular Basque attitudes to, 278; prisoners amnestied under Juan Carlos, 278; civilians killed and injured by, 280, 284; murders Spanish officials, 280; demands Basque sovereignty, 285; street struggle (kale borroka), 285; extortion demands, 286; blamed for Islamist attack on Madrid trains, 466; see also Basques

Etoile Nord-Africain (movement), 112

Etxabe, Juan Jose, 278

Etxebarrieta, Txabi, 274

Etzel see Irgun Zvai Leumi Europe: immigrants and asylum seekers, 434–5, 437–8, 497–8, 510–11; welfare arrangements, 436, 511; and multiculturalism, 439–41, 497–8; as soft target for Al Qaeda, 463, 467; counter-terrorist strategies, 490–1, 504–5; growth of Islam in, 497; US and security of, 508–9; ‘Eurabia’, 508, 509; Christianity in, 509

European Convention on Human Rights, 225, 484

Euskadiko Ezkerra see Basque Left Evian Conference (1938), 97, 132

Evola, Julius, 190

Exodus 47 (ship; formerly President Warfield), 106

explosives: invented and developed, 12–13

Exxon (company), 204

Fahd, Shaykh Salman bin, 493

Faisalabad, 457

Fanfani, Amintore, 208

Fanon, Frantz, 148, 240, 347

Faraj, Mohammed Abd al-Salam, 357, 359

Faranda, Adriana, 204, 208, 211

Farrell, Mairead, 332–3, 335

Fascism: revival in Italy,