Blood and Rage_ A Cultural History of Terrorism - Michael Burleigh [338]
Zasulich, Vera: as revolutionary, 30, 43, 46; and Nechaev, 36; tried for shooting Trepov, 43–4
Zawahiri, Ayman al - (‘Abdullah Imam Mohammed Amin’): background, 360; tried and tortured in Egypt, 360–1, 375; in Afghanistan, 371–3, 375, 411; influence on bin Laden, 373; in Al Qaeda, 375, 431; and killing of Azzam, 377; in Khartoum, 379–80; directs operations in Egypt, 380, 419; detained and released by Russians, 410–11; Egyptians attempt to assassinate, 419–20; expelled from Sudan, 420; and bin Laden’s use of modern media, 423; US intercepts satellite phone calls, 431; and 9/11 attacks, 448; and Indonesian terrorism, 460; TV broadcasts, 470; and al-Zarqawi, 474, 503; on Siddique Khan’s suicide broadcast on London bombing, 477
Zedda, Sergio, 217
ZEN, Plan (Spain), 282
Zhawar Khili, Afghanistan, 374
Zia-al-Haq, 367–8
Zighout, Youssef, 115
Zimbabwe African People’s Union
(ZAPU), 144–5
Zimmermann, Ernst, 262
Zimonjic, Peter, 511
Zionism: and settlement of Palestine, 88–9; political leanings and divisions, 91–3, 96; and Arab Revolt, 96; in USA, 104–5; and Exodus episode, 106; conflict with Arabs in Palestine, 110; and Stern Gang activities, 149
Zionist Congress, 22nd (1946), 104
Zitouni, Djamel, emir, 413
Zondo, Andrew, 147
Zouabri, Antar, emir, 413
Zougam, Jamal, 467–9
Zu’aytir, Wael, 169–70
Zubaydah, Abu, 457
Zuma, Aboud al-, 360
Zumalde, Javier (‘El Cabro’), 274
Zumi, Muhammad, 357
Zumr, family al-, 357–8
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I must thank Victoria Barnsley of HarperCollins for the brilliant idea of including a lengthy Afterthoughts chapter both to update the book and to offer some general conclusions. Since the book was first published in the UK I have been heartened by the highly enthusiastic responses of several people who are informed counter-terrorism practitioners, rather than academic theoreticians of terrorism. What I describe without superfluous editorialising commentary is what they have encountered. In no particular order I would like to warmly thank General the Lord Guthrie, Britain’s former Chief of the Defense Staff; Lieutenant-General Graeme Lamb, the head of the UK Fighting Army; the former Spanish president, José María Aznar, who kindly came to the Policy Exchange in London to interview me about the book; and Assistant Commissioner Peter Clarke, the former head of the Metropolitan Police Anti-Terrorism Branch, who moved the vote of thanks on that occasion. I was very glad to hear that Peter has recommended it for a new MA in Counter-Terrorism at my alma mater. David Cameron, the Conservative Party leader, most generously referred to the book in a major speech in March 2008 on terrorism. I am also grateful to Eric Edelman and Michael Doran of the US Defense Department for the opportunity to learn how these issues are viewed by our US friends and allies. Harvey Sicherman and James Kurth organized a memorable discussion at the Foreign Policy Research Institute in Philadelphia.
Michael Burleigh
June 2008
AFTERTHOUGHTS
I HISTORY AND POLICY
Some historians argue that their academic colleagues should be drawn into policy-making in the manner of lawyers, economists, or food and drug experts. This strikes me as dubious, partly because only ‘professional’ historians, meaning other academics, are eligible. Historians would be no less susceptible to emotive group-think than anyone else who has to make crucial decisions in real time as part of a team. That does not mean that historians have no role in suggesting what History counsels or counsels against, for they may just be more than a subsidiary branch of the entertainment industries, alongside cooking, gardening or home-makeover programmes. They can continue to do that through the tried and trusted medium of helping to shape a historically aware population, from which politicians will continue to be drawn.
History crops up fitfully in our present conflicts; we reflexively use the past to make sense of what is happening in the present. Soldiers, for example, have scoured the history of the 1948-57 Malayan Emergency—a classic