Blood and Rage_ A Cultural History of Terrorism - Michael Burleigh [360]
38 Jander, ‘Horst Mahler’ pp. 390-97
39 Rolf Sachsse, ‘Prada Meinhof. Die RAF als Marke. Ein Versuch in politischer Ikonologie’ in Kraushaar (ed.), Die RAF vol. 2 p. 1260
Chapter 7: Small-Nation Terror
1 An analogy made by a Basque nationalist who appears in Julio Medem’s polyphonic 2004 documentary Basque Ball (available on DVD from Tartan DVDs). The Spanish Partido Popular and ETA had difficulties in participating in the film so in a sense it is incomplete
2 ‘Starkoch gibt Restaurantkomplex auf’ Der Spiegel 19 February 2007
3 Robert P. Clark, The Basque Insurgents. ETA, 1952 -1980 (Madison, Wisconsin 1984) p. 15
4 Robert P. Clark, ‘Patterns in the Lives of ETA Members’ in Peter Merkl (ed.), Political Violence and Terror. Motifs and Motivation (Berkeley 1986) p. 296
5 See the discussion in Matthew Carr, Unknown Soldiers. How Terrorism Transformed the Modern World (London 2006) pp. 109ff.
6 Barbara Loyer, ‘Basque Nationalism Undermined by ETA’ Le Monde Diplomatique (February 1998) pp. 1-7
7 Ibid., pp. 181-3
8 See the detailed account by Paddy Woodworth, Dirty War, Clean Hands. ETA, the GAL and Spanish Democracy (New Haven 2001) from which all quotations are taken
9 ‘Pay Up or Else, ETA Terrorists Tell 2,000 Spanish Businesses’ Daily Telegraph 7 August 2007 p. 15
10 See F. S. L. Lyons, Ireland since the Famine (London 1971) pp. 741-2 for these statistics
11 Glenn Patterson’s novel Burning your Own (London 1988) is a vivid depiction of life on a predominantly Protestant housing estate in 1969 which sheds light on these subtle cultural matters. The book’s hero, a ten-year-old boy, is the son of mixed-religious parents, who christened him ‘Malachy’ but always shorten this to the less Catholic ‘Mal’. ‘“Read the birth certificate,” her husband said. “You’ll find no Malachy there.” “Because you cheated me,” she shouted. “Cheated me when I was too sick from having him to fight you.” “Look!” Mr Martin thumped the table. “We compromised, remember? Mal we would christen him and Mal we would always call him. Right?” … “Ignoramus!” Mrs Martin burst out. Her laughter was feverish. “Terrified people will think he’s a Catholic when if they had an ounce of education they’d know the name’s Hebrew.” “I don’t care if it’s flaming Zulu, it sounds Catholic”’ (p. 69).
12 Roy Foster, Modern Ireland 1600-1972 (Oxford 1988) pp. 582-5; Peter Taylor, Loyalists (London 1999) p. 50
13 The best study of Paisley is still Steve Bruce, God Save Ulster!The Religion and Politics of Paisleyism (Oxford 1986)
14 One of the most brilliantly evocative histories of Ulster is A. T. Q. Stewart, The Narrow Ground. Aspects of Ulster 1609-1969 (Belfast 1977). For a study of the group mindset see Susan McKay, Northern Protestants. An Unsettled People (Belfast 2000) and Sarah Nelson’s earlier Ulster’s Uncertain Defenders. Loyalists and the Northern Ireland Conflict (Belfast 1984)
15 Conor Cruise O’Brien, States of Ireland (New York 1972) pp. 168-9
16 David McKittrick and David McVea, Making Sense of the Troubles (London 2001) pp. 26ff.
17 Simon Prince, ‘The Global Revolt of 1968 and Northern Ireland’ Historical Journal (2006) 49, pp. 851-75
18 Max Hastings, Ulster 1969. The Fight for Civil Rights in Northern Ireland (London 1970) pp. 28-30. I am grateful to Max for interesting discussions about this period
19 See especially Paul Bew, Ireland. The Politics of Enmity (Oxford 2007) especially pp. 492ff. I am grateful to my friend Lord Bew for his help with everything related to Northern Ireland terrorism
20 Hastings, Ulster 1969 p. 114
21 Ibid., p. 149
22 Gerry Adams, Falls Memories (Dingle, Co. Kerry 1993)
23 Ed Moloney, A Secret History of the IRA (London 2003) pp. 74ff.
24 See David McKittrick, Seamus Kelters, Brian Feeney, Chris Thornton and David McVea, Lost Lives (Edinburgh 2004) pp. 70-73. This outstanding book is the most sombre memorial to the Troubles
25 Peter R. Neumann, Britain’s Long War. British Strategy in the Northern Ireland