Bold Spirit - Linda Hunt [82]
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Norma Lee, interview with granddaughter by author, Spokane, Wash., 1992.
16. T. Portch, second interview; Wanda Estby Michalek, phone interview with granddaughter-in-law by author, June 25, 1996.
17. D. Bahr, “Coast to Coast.”
18. Doug Bahr, “Grandma Walks from Coast to Coast,” Eighth grade Essay, Wilbur, Wash., 1984.
A REFLECTION ON THE SILENCING OF FAMILY STORIES
1. E. Stone, Black Sheep and Kissing Cousins: How our Family Stories Shape Us (New York: Times Books/Random House, 1988), 8.
2. Electronic-mail message to author from a confidential source reflecting on the impact of the silencing of family stories, Spokane, Wash., November 15, 2000.
3. See the pivotal work of Appleby, Hunt, and Jacob, Telling the Truth About History (New York: Norton, 1994) and E. Foner, ed., The New American History (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1990). The Women’s West Conference in 1983 began a new era of historical inquiry and scholarship that led to the publication of Armitage and Jameson’s The Women’s West (University of Oklahoma, 1987) and a flood of research and publication on women’s lives. This emergence of a new western history now includes previously marginalized women from multicultural backgrounds and offers a far richer picture of women in the American West, as exemplified in the research presented at the Women’s Western History Conference in 2000.
4. J. Rosenblatt, “Charred Manuscripts Tell Zora Neale Hurston’s Poignant and Powerful Story,” The Chronicle of Higher Education, B4–5.
5. H.W. Brands, The Reckless Decade: America in the 1890s (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2002), x.
6. Webster’s New World Dictionary, 3rd College ed., s.v. “shame.”
7. L. Seppa-Salisbury, psychologist, interview by author, 1996.
8. D.C. Jack, Silencing the Self: Women and Depression (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1991), 11.
9. Ibid.
10. M. Houston and C. Kramarae, “Speaking from Silence: Methods of Silencing and of Resistance,” Discourse & Society 214 (1991): 388.
11. L. Rosenfeld, “Self-disclosure Avoidance: Why I Am Afraid to Tell You Who I Am,” Communications Monographs 46 (1) (1979): 63–74.
12. D. Goleman, Vital Lies, Simple Truths (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1985), 218, 244.
13. J. Bradshaw, Family Secrets (New York: Bantam, 1995).
14. L. S. Smart, “Parental Bereavement in Anglo American History,” Omega 28 (1): 49–61.
15. M. Vicinus, Suffer and Be Still: Women in the Victorian Age (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1973).
16. L.S. Smart, “Parental Bereavement in Anglo American History,” 57.
17. Thelma Portch, first and second interviews by author, 1984, 1986; Wanda Estby Michalek, interview by author, June 25, 1996.
18. M. Vicinus, Suffer and Be Still.
19. Tillie Olsen, Silences (New York: Dell Publishing Co., 1965), 35.
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Armitage S., and