Chaos - James Gleick [168]
Libchaber, Albert, 191–97, 202–11, 314
conception of “flow,” 195–202
“Helium in a Small Box,” 192–95, 193, 202–6, 208–11
measures period–doubling, 205–6
life, 7, 198–202, 251, 279
light, 164–65
lightning, 4
linguistics, 90
Littlewood, J. E., 332
logistic difference equation, 63–64, 69–70, 79, 166–68, 170–72, 174–175
Lorenz, Edward, 11–31, 44, 48, 52–53, 55–56, 65, 69, 71, 76, 116, 135, 139–40, 144, 149, 168–69, 182, 194, 244, 246, 253, 259, 264, 303, 314, 316–17, 321
and aperiodicity, 22
Butterfly Effect, 8, 20–23, 246–7, 261
childhood, 13
and climate, 168–69
and coffee cup, 25
“Deterministic Nonperiodic Flow,” 30, 66–67, 139–41
discovered by physicists, 67
discovers sensitive dependence on initial conditions, 16, 17
and mathematics, 13
waterwheel, 27, 29, 31
and weather modeling, 15
Lorenz attractor, 28, 30, 140, 149, 218, 245–47, 269, insert following page 114
as music, 244—45
infinite complex of surfaces, 139–141
Los Alamos National laboratory, 14, 157, 160, 178
Center for Nonlinear Studies, 4
Theoretical Division, 1, 158, 179, 248, 272
Lovelock, James E., 279, 307, 308
Lyapunov exponent, 247, 253, 255, 262, 268, 316
lynx, 79
M
MacArthur, Robert, 315
Magellan, Ferdinand, 226
Mahler, Gustav, 163
Malkus, Willem, 31
Malthusian growth, 62–63
Mandelbrojt, Szolem, 87, 88
Mandelbrot, Benoit, 4, 83–118, 161–162, 182, 191, 216, 219–21, 223, 226–28, 237–38, 240, 303, 321
childhood, 87
and biology, 108–10
and cotton prices, 84–86
and dimension, 96–98
and economics, 83
and fractal constructions, 100
The Fractal Geometry of Nature, 104, 111–13
geometric intuition, 88
“How Long Is the Coast of Britain?”, 94–96
and mathematicians, 111, 114
Merchant of Venice syndrome, 108
Noah and Joseph effects, 92–94
and physicists, 87
and randomness, 84
and self–similarity, 103
Mandelbrot set, 221–32, 224–25, 239–240, 306, inserts following pages 114 and 194
defined, 227
discovered, 222–23, 224–25
programming, 231–32
Mandell, Arnold, 278, 293, 298–99
Marat, Jean–Paul, 111
Marcus, Philip, 54–56
Marcuse, Herbert, 243
Margulis, Lynn, 279
Maryland, University of, 65
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 11, 13, 21, 31, 103, 159, 163, 290, 321
mathematics
in biology, 60, 69, 198–200, 282, 290
complex analysis, 227
and hermeticism, 89
experimentation in, 38, 112, 218–219, 229
and Mandelbrot, 111
and numbers, 178
rigor in, 89, 183, 218, 230–31
vs. physics, 47, 52, 66, 69, 113, 118, 178
and turbulence, 121–25, 130–33, 137
Maurei, Jean, 192, 203
Maxwell, James Clerk, 181
May, Robert, 4, 69–80, 135, 166–67, 171, 172, 182, 208, 259, 303, 321
“messianic” plea, 79, 245, 316
and period–doubling, 70–71, 172
and epidemiology, 78
McGill University, 281, 288, 290
measles, 61, 78–79, 315
Medawar, Sir Peter, 200
Menger sponge, 101
meterorites, 29, 314
meterology, 3, 11–13, 21–22, 55, 168–169
Metropolis, Nicholas, 167–68, 173, 182
Mines, George, 288
mixing, 122, 255, 257
mode locking, 290, 293, 294–95
models
approximation in, 15
borrowed from physics, 60, 282
for convection, 25–26, 29–30
“daisy world,” 279
detail vs. generalization in, 278–79
for earthquakes, 107
for ecology, 59–63, 69
in economics, 20
for epidemics, 316
for galactic orbits, 146–47, 149
for heart motion, 281–83
for schizophrenia, 276–78
stability in, 48
for weather, 11–14, 16–17, 19–21, 55
Morse code, 258
Moscow University, 46
mosquitoes, 285–86
Myrberg, P. J., 183, 335
mysticism, 195
N
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 54
National Center for Atmospheric Research, 250
National Institute of Mental Health, 275
National Institutes of Health, 275
National Meterological Center, 19
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 21
National Science Foundation, 46, 131, 249, 317
Nature, 49, 79–80, 245, 307
Navier–Stokes equation, 24
Navy (United States), 249, 275
Nazis, 87, 191
Neumann, John von, 14, 18–19, 21
on nonlinearίty in fluids, 24
New York Academy of Sciences, 258–259, 269, 275
New York City public schools, 159
see also City College of New York