• Choose a category
• All
• Classic-Fiction

28. Sol Dollinger, interview with the author, Oct. 31, 1997.

29. In a 1985 interview with Harold Meyerson, however, Genora referred to the incident as the “Battle of Running Bulls.” See Meyerson, “Women,” 465.

30. Sol Dollinger, “Formative Years,” 20–21.

31. Ibid.

32. Quoted in Fine, Sit-Down, 8–9.

33. Collection of Parodies, Dollinger Collection, box 1, file 36, Reuther Library.

34. Hassett, “Never Again,” 29. Also, Mary Heaton Vorse, “The Emergency Brigade at Flint,” New Republic (Feb. 17, 1937): 38.

35. Quoted in Hassett, “Never Again,” 30.

36. Fine, Sit-Down, 201. Also quoted in Foner, Women and the American Labor Movement, 309.

37. Genora would not call the group the Ladies Auxiliary, as in Minneapolis and the rest of industrial America, because “ladies” went to tea and indulged in other “polite” manners. The Women’s Auxiliary of Flint “had no interest in politeness or other such inconsequential matters.” Diehl-Taylor, “Partners in the Struggle,” 12.

38. Henry Kraus, Many and the Few, 235. See also Hassett, “Never Again,” 25.

39. Henry Kraus, column, Flint Auto Worker, Jan. 12, 1937.

40. Skeels interview, 35.

41. Genora to the Reverend Keith Pohl, Mar. 11, 1986, Dollinger Collection, file 3, folder 21, Reuther Library.

42. Flint was such a company town that this story was frequently heard: During the holiday season a father told his son the Christmas story. The son’s reaction was, “Jesus Christ? Jesus Christ? What plant does he work in?” Genora Dollinger, interview with Hy Fish, May 31, 1975, Dollinger Collection, file 2, folder 18, Reuther Library, 2.

43. Elizabeth M. Howe, “The Sitdowns” (unpublished paper, Univ. of Michigan, 1993).

44. Sol Dollinger, “Formative Years,” 22.

45. Skeels interview, 47.

46. Robert S. McElvaine, The Great Depression: America, 1929–1941 (New York: Three Rivers Press, 1993), 291–92.

47. Skeels interview, 47.

48. Ibid., 19.

49. Gluck interview, 97.

50. Rosenthal, Striking Flint, 17.

51. Genora Dollinger, speech to Local 659, 1974, in Flint, Michigan, Dollinger Collection, box 4, folder 37, Reuther Library.

52. Skeels interview, 41.

53. Gluck interview, 72.

54. Genora Dollinger, speech to Local 659, 1974.

55. Yeghissian, “Emergency Brigade,” 26.

56. “Auto Women Advance,” Women’s Auxiliary pamphlet, Local 156, Flint, Michigan, Apr. 1937, 2.

57. Detroit Evening News, Jan. 20, 1937.

58. Ibid.

59. Meyerson, “Women,” 466, 465.

60. Howard Zinn, The Twentieth Century (New York: Perennial, 2003), 128.

61. Cornelia Bryce Pinchot, speech to the EB, Dollinger Collection, Los Angeles.

62. Ellen Wilkinson, speech to the EB, 1937, Dollinger Collection, box 2, folder 2, Reuther Library; also in the Dollinger Collection, Los Angeles.

63. Christine Collette, “The Jarrow Crusade,” BBC online, June 1, 2002, http://www.bbc .co.uk/ history/british/britain_wwone/jarrow_03.shtml (accessed Sept. 27, 2005). A previous hunger march in England was sponsored by the National Unemployed Workers’ Movement (NUMWM), and 200 blind people converged on London, also in 1936.

64. Patricia Bergman to the author, Aug. 6, 1998.

65. General UAW Collection, Reuther Library.

66. Alfred P. Sloan Jr. to the workers of Flint, Jan. 5, 1937, Kraus Collection, box 9, file 1, Reuther Library.

67. This parody can be found in the UAW Collection, Reuther Library. Two employees of Chevy Four (generally called the “hell hole” because of its dreadful working conditions), Gilliland and Beck, are credited with writing these lines.

68. Sibyl N. Walker, “Wishie Washie,” Dollinger Collection, box 4, file 3, Reuther Library.

69. Roger Keeran, The Communist Party and the Auto Workers Union (Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 1980), 149.

70. Homer Martin to Alfred J. Sloan Jr., Jan. 6, 1937, Kraus Collection, box 9, file 1, Reuther Library.

71. Kraus Collection, box 9, file 1, Reuther Library. This letter and the ones following were written between factory and home and home and factory from late