Cicero - Anthony Everitt [192]
Rep—Cicero, On the State (De republica)
Rosc—Cicero, In Defense of S. Roscius Amerinus (Pro S. Roscio Amerinó)
Sall Caes—Letter to Caesar (Epistula ad Caesarem)
Sall Cat—Sallust, The Conspiracy of Catilina (Bellum Catilinae)
Sall Inv—Sallust, Invective Against Cicero (In M. Tullium Ciceronem oratio)
Sen—Seneca the Elder, Suasoriae
Sest—Cicero, In Defence of Sestius (Pro Sestio)
SIG—Sylloge Inscriptionum Graecorum [Collection of Greek Inscriptions] (ed. W. Dittenberger)
Suet—Suetonius, Life of Caesar, in The Twelve Caesars (De vita Caesarum)
Tac—Tacitus, Dialogue on Orators (Dialogus de oratoribus)
Tusc—Cicero, Conversations at Tusculum (Tusculanae disputationes)
Val Max—Valerius Maximus, Memorabilia
Vell—Velleius Paterculus, History of Rome (Historia romana)
Verr—Cicero, First Speech Against Verres (In Verrem I)
CHAPTER BY CHAPTER SOURCES
1 “What a triumph” Hugh Brogan, The Penguin History of the United States (Penguin Books, 1999), p. 191.
The opening account of Caesar’s murder through Cicero’s eyes is based on Appian, Dio Cassius, Plutarch (lives of Caesar and Mark Antony), Suetonius and Nicolaus.
2 “You too, my son?” Dio XLIV 19 and Suet I 82
Chapter 1—Fault Lines: First Century BC
Readers who wish to go beyond this summary account should read Cowell, Scullard and Crawford. Among the sources for the historical narrative from Tiberius Gracchus to Cicero’s youth are Appian and Plutarch.
3 “rank, position, magnificence” Clu LVI 154
4 Tribal or General Assembly. Two other types of assembly existed, the concilium plebis, which had the same membership as the comitia tributa minus the Patricians, and the comitia curiata, which was largely concerned with legal approvals.
5 “This was the first time” Vell II 3 3
Chapter 2—“Always Be the Best, My Boy, the Bravest”: 106–82 BC
The description of Cicero’s childhood is based on Plutarch together with the evocation of Arpinum in On law (De legibus). The section on education is indebted to E. B. Castle. The historical account draws on Appian, Plutarch, Sallust and Diodorus Siculus.
6 “Whenever I can get out” Leg II 1 “We consider” Leg II 5
7 “With your courage” Leg III 16 36
8 “This is what I prayed for!” Hor Sat 6 1ff.
9 “I am going to make my cognomen” Plut Cic II 1
10 “how our mother in the old days” Fam 351 (XVI 26) “We rule the world” Val Max VI 3
11 Twelve Tables Leg I 21 55
12 “Didn’t you learn your unbridled loquacity” Sall Inv I 2
13 “The time which others spend” Arch VI 13
14 “Caesar and Brutus also wrote” Tac 21 “Our people are like Syrian slaves” De or II 265 “For as far as I can cast my mind back” Arch 148
15 “I love Pomponius” Fam 63 (XIII 1)
16 Crassus’s “swan song” De or III 2–5
17 “We are not asking you to pardon” Plut Sull
18 “No, please, I beg you” Corn Nep IV 1 “He always belonged to the best party” Boiss 137f.
19 “the proscriptions of the rich” Para Stoic VI 2 46
“Victories in the field” Off I 74
“it appeared that the whole institution of the courts” Brut LXXXIX 306
“Seeing that the whole state” Plut Cic III 2
20 “that we do not recklessly and presumptuously assume” De inv II 10 “Always be the best” Homer Il VI 247
Chapter 3—The Forum and the Fray: 81–77 BC
The description of the Forum, as well as being based on personal visits, draws on The Roman Forum (Electa, 1998); and that of Rome on Florence Dupont. The accounts of the Roscius, Verres and Cluentius trials are largely drawn from the relevant speeches by Cicero. For the characters and early careers of Pompey and Crassus, Plutarch has been used.
21 “planted in mountains” Leg ag II 35 96
“Two of my shops” Att 363 XIV 9
22 “not (as most do) to learn my trade in the Forum” Brut XCI 312
“a disreputable victory” Off II 27
23 “Personally, I am always very nervous” Clu XVIII 51 “Why, you always come” Dio XLVI 7
24 “According to the custom of our ancestors” Mod Dig XLVIII 9 9
“He comes down from his mansion” Rosc XLV 132–35
25 “Terentia was never at any time” Plut Cic XX 2
26 “I was at that time very slender” Brut XCI 313
27 “we