Cicero - Anthony Everitt [4]
ca. 79 Cicero marries Terentia
79–77 Cicero tours Greece and Asia Minor
ca. 76–75 Birth of Cicero’s daughter, Tullia
75 Cicero Quaestor in Sicily. He joins the Senate
70 Consulship of Pompey and Marcus Licinius Crassus. Cicero prosecutes Verres
ca. 70 Quintus marries Pomponia
69 Cicero Aedile
67 Pompey’s campaign against Mediterranean pirates. Birth of Cicero’s nephew, Quintus Tullius Cicero. Tullia engaged to Caius Calpurnius Piso Frugi
66 Cicero Praetor
66–62 Pompey campaigns against Mithridates
65 Birth of Cicero’s son, Marcus Tullius Cicero
63 Cicero Consul. He puts down the conspiracy of Catilina. Birth of Caius Octavius, later Caius Julius Caesar Octavius (Octavian)
62 Quintus Praetor. Tullia marries Calpurnius Piso
61–59 Quintus governor of Asia
60 Alliance among Caesar, Pompey and Crassus (the First Triumvirate)
59 Julius Caesar Consul
58 Publius Clodius Pulcher Tribune
58–49 Caesar governor of Gaul. The Gallic War
58–57 Cicero in exile in Greece
57 Death of Calpurnius Piso
56 Caesar meets Pompey in Luca and renews the First Triumvirate
55 Second Consulship of Pompey and Crassus. Tullia marries Furius Crassipes. Cicero writes The Ideal Orator (De oratore)
54–52 Quintus with Caesar in Gaul
54 Cicero starts writing On the State (De re publica; published 51)
53 Crassus campaigns against the Parthians. Death of Crassus at Carrhae. Cicero frees his slave Tiro
52 Murder of Publius Clodius Pulcher. Pompey sole Consul
52/51 Tullia and Crassipes are divorced
52–43 Cicero writes On Law (De legibus)
51–50 Cicero governor of Cilicia
50 Tullia marries Publius Cornelius Dolabella
49–45 Civil war
49–48 Cicero at Pompey’s headquarters in Greece
48 Defeat of Pompey at the battle of Pharsalus. Murder of Pompey. Cicero returns to Italy. Death of Marcus Caelius Rufus
48–44 Dictatorship of Julius Caesar
47 Cicero pardoned by Caesar
46 Suicide of Marcus Porcius Cato. Cicero divorces Terentia. He marries Publilia
45 Death of Tullia. Cicero divorces Publilia. Divorce of Quintus and Pomponia. Cicero writes Hortensius; Academic Treatises (Academica); On Supreme Good and Evil (De finibus bonorum et malorum); Conversations at Tusculum (Tusculanae disputationes); The Nature of the Gods (De natura deorum)
44 Assassination of Julius Caesar. Cicero writes Foretelling the Future (De divinatione); Destiny (De fato); Duties (De officiis)
44–43 Siege of Mutina
44/43 Suicide of Dolabella
43 Battles at Mutina. Alliance among Mark Antony, Octavian (Caius Julius Caesar Octavianus, later the Emperor Augustus) and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus. Quintus and his son put to death. Cicero put to death
42 Suicides of Caius Cassius Longinus and Marcus Junius Brutus at Philippi
32 Death of Atticus
31 Octavian’s victory over Antony at Actium
30 Suicides of Mark Antony and Cleopatra
27 Title of Augustus conferred on Octavian
AD
14 Death of Augustus
CONTENTS
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Preface
Chronology
Maps
1. Fault Lines
2. “Always Be the Best, My Boy, the Bravest”
3. The Forum and the Fray
4. Politics and Foreign Postings
5. Against Catilina
6. Pretty-Boy’s Revenge
7. Exile
8. The Ideal Constitution
9. The Drift to Civil War
10. “A Strange Madness”
11. Pacifying Caesar
12. Philosophical Investigations
13. “Why, This IS Violence!”
14. The Heir
15. Cicero’s Civil War
16. Death at the Seaside
17. Postmortems
Dedication
Acknowledgments
Sources
A Reader’s Guide
Questions for Discussion
About the Author
The spring weather was unsettled in Rome. The fifteenth of March was a public holiday, marking the end of winter. From the early morning, crowds of people had been streaming out of the city. It was almost as if Rome were being evacuated. Families abandoned the busy streets and huddled houses and crossed the River Tiber. In the countryside, in huts made of branches or makeshift tents, they would set up picnics and consume large amounts of alcohol. It was said that the drinkers would live for as many years as they downed cups (in that case, as one