Colonel Roosevelt - Edmund Morris [452]
56 “If the contest” Ibid., 21 Dec. 1916.
57 Secretary Lansing felt Heckscher, Woodrow Wilson, 422.
58 Roosevelt, massively attired Leary, notebook 5 (JJL).
59 a sample list The New York Times, 11 Jan. 1917.
60 certain phrases glinted Edgar E. Robinson and Victor J. West, The Foreign Policy of Woodrow Wilson, 1913–1917 (New York, 1918), 126–28.
61 On 22 January Heckscher, Woodrow Wilson, 424–25.
62 It was inconceivable Sullivan, Our Times, 5.250–52.
63 only moderate applause Florence Spring Rice (eyewitness) to unnamed aunt, 9 Feb. 1917 (CSR).
64 the German foreign minister was Sullivan, Our Times, 5.256–58.
65 “as if the world” House, Intimate Papers, 1.439.
66 House knew what Ibid., 2.84.
67 Captain Rose of the U-53 Trenton (N.J.) Evening Times, 3 Feb. 1917.
68 “If American ships” The Washington Post, 4 Feb. 1917 (italics added). The Housatonic, a freighter loaded with wheat, was sunk at noon GMT, i.e., 7 A.M. Washington time, so WW undoubtedly knew about the disaster when he went before Congress at 2 P.M. However, there was no confirmation that any of the 26 Americans aboard had been killed, and whether Rose had broken international law. In fact he had not.
69 The water cocks Trenton (N.J.) Evening Times, 3 Feb., The Washington Post, 4 Feb., Mansfield (Ohio) News, 17 Feb. 1917.
70 Sir: I have TR, Letters, 8.1149–50.
71 “No situation” Ibid.
72 “In view of” TR to Baker (facsimile), 3 Feb. 1917; Palmer, Newton D. Baker, 1.194.
73 Over the past Palmer, Newton D. Baker, 1.116–17. See Baker’s reminiscence of the transformative effect of World War I, quoted in ibid., for the lucidity of expression that used to be the norm among American public figures.
74 Among his urgent Ibid., 1.85–86.
75 Ironically, on The New York Times, 6 Feb. 1917.
76 “It is not” Spring Rice to Balfour, 9 Feb. 1917 (AJB).
77 He emphasized that Sullivan, Our Times, 5.264–65.
78 U BOOT KRIEG Thomas Boghardt, “The Zimmermann Telegram: Diplomacy, Intelligence and the American Entry into World War I” (Working Paper No. 6–04, BMW Center for German and European Studies, 2003), 35, http://cges.georgetown.edu/.
79 “that polite, silent” TR, Letters, 8.957–58.
80 “a war in which” See 479.
81 one he had sketched TR to E. A. Van Valkenburg and William Draper Lewis on 5 Sept. 1914. See Bishop, TR, 2.370–71.
82 A new degree of neurosis One theory that did not occur to newspaper readers unschooled in Realpolitik was that Zimmermann might have disbelieved his own telegram—seeking only to curry the favor of his superiors in the Prussian military. A more plausible speculation is British intelligence officials used their intercept to alarm Wilson, in order to goad him and Congress into a declaration of war on their side. At the time, Britain’s role in deciphering and handing over the telegram was kept secret. Boghardt, “The Zimmermann Telegram,” 10–14, 19.
83 “A little group” The New York Times, 5 Mar. 1917.
84 Republicans and Democrats alike Richard Lowitt, “The Armed-Ship Controversy: A Legislative View,” Mid-America, 46 (Jan. 1964).
85 On Monday, 5 March Newark (Ohio) Advocate, 5 Mar., The New York Times, The Washington Post, 6 Mar. 1917.
86 “I beg your tolerance” Syracuse Herald, 5 Mar., The New York Times, The Washington Post, Galveston (Tex.) Daily News, 6 Mar. 1917.
87 “the lily-livered skunk” Leary, Talks with T.R., 327–28; TR to KR, 1 Mar. 1917 (TRC). The newspaper-crumpling incident was one of the few occasions anyone ever heard TR swear. Leary chose not to record the epithet.
88 On 9 March Heckscher, Woodrow Wilson, 434–35. The USS Algonquin was sunk by a U-boat on 12 Mar. 1917.
89 The first news The New York Times, 12 Mar., Mansfield (Ohio) News, 12 Mar. 1917.
90 The Russian army Gilbert, A History of the Twentieth Century, 439, 442; The Washington Post and The New York Times, 17 Mar. 1917.
91 On 20 March Heckscher, Woodrow Wilson, 437.
92 After the meeting Cooper, Woodrow Wilson, 383; TR, Letters, 8.1164.
93 Baker wrote back TR, Letters, 8.1164.
94 “and she has” The New York Times, 21 Mar. 1917.
95 “We can perfectly” Ibid.