Complexity_ A Guided Tour - Melanie Mitchell [162]
“Still others argue that Kleiber was wrong all along”: A review of various critiques of metabolic scaling theory is given in Agutter P. S and Wheatley, D. N., Metabolic scaling: Consensus or Controversy? Theoretical Biology and Medical Modeling, 18, 2004, pp. 283–289.
“The more detail that one knows about the particular physiology involved”: H. Horn, quoted in Whitfield, J., All creatures great and small. Nature, 413, 2001, pp. 342–344.
“It’s nice when things are simple”: H. Müller-Landau, quoted in Grant, B., The powers that be. The Scientist, 21 (3), 2007.
“There have been arguments that the mathematics in metabolic scaling theory is incorrect”: e.g., Kozlowski, J. and Konarzweski, M., Is West, Brown and Enquist’s model of allometric scaling mathematically correct and biologically relevant? Functional Ecology, 18, 2004, pp. 283–289.
“The authors of metabolic scaling theory have strongly stood by their work”: E.g., see West, G. B., Brown, J. H., and Enquist, B. J., Yes, West, Brown and Enquist’s model of allometric scaling is both mathematically correct and biologically relevant. (Reply to Kozlowski and Konarzweski, 2004.) Functional Ecology, 19, 2005, pp. 735–738; and Borrell, B., Metabolic theory spat heats up. The Scientist (News), November 8, 2007. [http://www.the-scientist.com/news/display/53846/].
“Part of me doesn’t want to be cowered”: G. West, quoted in Grant, B., The powers that be. The Scientist, 21 (3), 2007.
“I suspect that West, Enquist et al. will continue repeating their central arguments”: H. Müller-Landau, quoted in Borrell, B., Metabolic theory spat heats up. The Scientist (News), November 8, 2007. [http://www.the-scientist.com/news/display/53846/].
“more normal than ‘normal’”: “The presence of [power-law] distributions”: Willinger, W., Alderson, D., Doyle, J. C., and Li, L., More ‘normal’ than normal: Scaling distributions and complex systems. In R. G. Ingalls et al., Proceedings of the 2004 Winter Simulation Conference, pp. 130–141. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2004.
“This relation is now called Zipf’s law”: Zipf’s original publication on this work is a book: Zipf, G. K., Selected Studies of the Principle of Relative Frequency in Language. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1932.
“Benoit Mandelbrot … had a somewhat different explanation”: Mandelbrot. B., An informational theory of the statistical structure of languages. In W. Jackson (editor), Communicaiton Theory, Woburn, MA: Butterworth, 1953, pp. 486–502.
“Herbert Simon proposed yet another explanation”: Simon, H. A., On a class of skew distribution functions.” Biometrika 42 (3–4), 1955, p. 425.
“Evidently Mandelbrot and Simon had a rather heated argument”: Mitzenmacher, M., A brief history of generative models for power law and lognormal distributions. Internet Mathematics, 1 (2), 2003, pp. 226–251.
“the psychologist George Miller showed”: Miller, G. A., Some effects of intermittent silence. The American Journal of Psychology, 70, 1957, pp. 311–314.
Chapter 18
“ ‘mobile genetic elements’”: A technical article on the proposed role of mobile genetic elements on brain diversity is Muotri, A. R., Chu, V. T., Marchetto, M. C. N., Deng, W., Moran, J. V. and Gage, F. H., Somatic mosaicism in neuronal precursor cells mediated by L1 retrotransposition. Nature, 435, 2005, pp. 903–910.
“Recently a group of science philosophers and biologists performed a survey”: Reported in Pearson, H., What is a gene? Nature, 441, 2006, pp. 399–401.
“The more expert scientists become in molecular genetics”: Ibid.
“the absence of necessary methylation”: See, e.g., Dean, W., Santos, F., Stojkovic, M., Zakhartchenko, V., Walter, J., Wolf, E., and Reik, W., Conservation of methylation reprogramming in mammalian development: Aberrant reprogramming in cloned embryos. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA, 98 (24), 2001, pp. 13734–13738.
“a large proportion of the DNA that is transcribed into RNA is not subsequently translated into proteins”: See, e.g.,