Complexity_ A Guided Tour - Melanie Mitchell [164]
“The End of Science”: Horgan, J., The End of Science: Facing the Limits of Knowledge in the Twilight of the Scientific Age. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1996.
“[T]he hope that physics could be complete”: Crutchfield, J. P., Farmer, J. D., Packard, N. H., and Shaw, R. S., Chaos. Scientific American, 255, December 1986.
“Gravitation is not responsible”: This quotation is very commonly attributed to Einstein. However, it is apparently a (more elegant) rephrasing of what he actually said: “Falling in love is not at all the most stupid thing that people do—but gravitation cannot be held responsible for it.” Quoted in Dukas, H. and Hoffmann B. (editors), Albert Einstein, The Human Side: New Glimpses from His Archives. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1979, p. 56.
“Recently, ideas about complexity”: Gordon, D. M., Control without hierarchy. Nature, 446 (7132), 2007, p. 143.
“a new discipline of cybernetics”: Fascinating histories of the field of cybernetics can be found in Aspray, W., John von Neumann and the Origins of Modern Computing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1990; and Heims, S. The Cybernetics Group. Cambridge, MIT Press, 1991.
“the entire field of control and communication”: Wiener, N. Cybernetics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1948, p. 11.
“H. Ross Ashby’s ‘Design for a Brain’”: Ashby, R. H., Design for a Brain. New York: Wiley, 1954.
“Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts’ model of neurons”: McCulloch, W. and Pitts, W., A logical calculus of ideas immanent in nervous activity. Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics 5, 1942, pp. 115–133.
“Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson’s application of cybernetic ideas”: See, e.g., Bateson, G., Mind and Nature: A Necessary Unity. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, 1979.
“Norbert Wiener’s books Cybernetics and The Human Use of Human Beings”: Wiener, N. Cybernetics: Or the Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1948; Wiener, N. The Human Use of Human Beings. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1950.
“The two most important historical events”: Gregory Bateson, quoted in Heims, S., The Cybernetics Group. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1991, p. 96.
“vacuous in the extreme”: Max Delbrück, quoted in Heims, S., The Cybernetics Group. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1991, p. 95.
“bull sessions with a very elite group”: Leonard Savage, quoted in Heims, S., The Cybernetics Group, 1991, p. 96.
“in the end Wiener’s hope”: Aspray, W., John von Neumann and the Origins of Modern Computing. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1990, pp. 209–210.
“General System Theory”: see Von Bertalanffy, L., General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications, New York: G. Braziller, 1969; or Rapoport, A. General System Theory: Essential Concepts and Applications, Cambridge, MA: Abacus Press, 1986.
“the formulation and deduction of those principles …”: Von Bertanlanffy, L., An outline of general system theory. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 1(92), 1950, pp. 134–165.
“biologists Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela attempted …”: See, e.g., Maturana, H. R. and Varela, F. J., Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living. Boston, MA: D. Reidel Publishing Co., 1980.
“Hermann Haken’s Synergetics and Ilya Prigogine’s theories of dissipative structures and nonequilibrium systems …”. See Haken, H., The Science of Structure: Synergetics, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1984; and Prigogine, I. From Being to Becoming: Time and Complexity in the Physical Sciences, San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1980.
“vocabulary of complexity,” “A number of concepts that deal with mechanisms …”: Nicolis, G. and Prigogine, I., Exploring Complexity, New York: W. H. Freeman and Co., 1989, p. x.
“I think we may be missing the conceptual equivalent of calculus …”: Strogatz, S., Sync: How Order Emerges from Chaos in the Universe, Nature, and Daily Life. New York: Hyperion, 2004, p. 287.
“He was hampered by the chaos of language”: Gleick, J., Isaac Newton, New York: Pantheon Books, 2003, pp. 58–59.
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