CompTIA Security_ Deluxe Study Guide_ SY0-201 - Emmett Dulaney [299]
mantrap A device, such as a small room, that limits access to one or a few individuals. Mantraps typically use electronic locks and other methods to control access.
mathematical attack An attack focused on the encryption algorithm itself, the key mechanism, or any potential area of weakness in the algorithm.
mean time between failure (MTBF) The measure of the anticipated incidence of failure of a system or component.
mean time to repair (MTTR) The measurement of how long it takes to repair a system or component once a failure occurs.
media Any storage medium.
Media Access Control (MAC) A sublayer of the Data Link layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model that controls the way multiple devices use the same media channel. It controls which devices can transmit and when they can transmit.
message authentication code (MAC) A common method of verifying integrity. The MAC is derived from the message and a secret key.
message digest The signature area within a message.
Message Digest Algorithm (MDA) An algorithm that creates a hash value. The hash value is also used to help maintain integrity. There are several versions of MD; the most common are MD5, MD4, and MD2.
Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (MSCHAP) An implementation of the Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) common in Microsoft’s Windows-based operating systems. The latest version, and the only one supported in Windows Vista, is MSCHAPv2.
misuse-detection IDS (MD-IDS) A method of evaluating attacks based on attack signatures and audit trails.
modem A communications device that converts digital computer signals into analog tones for transmission over the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and converts them back to digital upon reception. The word modem is an acronym for modulator/demodulator.
modification attack An attack that modifies information on your system.
MSCHAP See Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (MSCHAP).
multicasting Sending data to more than one address.
multi-factor The term employed anytime more than one factor must be considered.
multipartite virus A virus that attacks a system in more than one way.
N
NAC See network access control (NAC).
NAT Network Address Translation. See IP proxy.
National Computing Security Center (NCSC) The agency that developed the Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC) and the Trusted Network Interpretation Environmental Guideline (TNIEG).
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) An agency (formerly known as the National Bureau of Standards [NBS]) that has been involved in developing and supporting standards for the U.S. government for over 100 years. NIST has become involved in cryptography standards, systems, and technology in a variety of areas. It’s primarily concerned with governmental systems, where it exercises a great deal of influence.
National Security Agency (NSA) The U.S. government agency responsible for protecting U.S. communications and producing foreign intelligence information. It was established by presidential directive in 1952 as a separately organized agency within the Department of Defense (DoD).
NCP See Network Control Protocol (NCP).
NCSC See National Computing Security Center (NCSC).
NDPS See Novell Distributed Print Services (NDPS).
NDS See NetWare Directory Services (NDS).
need-to-know A method of information dissemination based on passing information only to those who need to know it.
NetBIOS Extended User Interface (NetBEUI) A protocol used to transport Network Basic Input Output System (NetBIOS) traffic in a LAN.
NetWare Core Protocol (NCP) The upper-layer NetWare protocol that functions on top of IPX and provides NetWare resource access to workstations. See also Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX).
NetWare Directory Services (NDS) A directory management service used to manage all of the resources