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Troy (New York)

Tukey, Francis

Twain, Mark

Twining, Albert

Twining v. New Jersey

“Twinkie Defense,”

Ulysses (Joyce

Uniform Crime Reporting program (UCR)

Union Army

Unions. See also Labor

United States v. E.C. Knight Co.

United States v. Hilton Hotels Corp.

United States v. Hudson and Goodwin

United States v. McClung

United States v. One Book Called “Ulysses,”

University of California at Berkeley

University of Puerto Rico

Urchittel, Mrs.

Utah

Vagrancy laws

Vandalia

Vanzetti, Bartolomeo

Venereal diseases

Vera Institute

Vermont

Vice laws

Vice Suppression Committee

Victimization studies

Victimless crimes: definition of; during the colonial period; during the republican period; during the twentieth century. See also specific crimes

Victorian compromise; and juvenile delinquency; and secret vice; and victimless crime

Victorian society. See also Victorian compromise

Vietnam

Vigilance committees

Vigilante movements

Vigilantes of Montana (Dimsdale)

Virginia; during the colonial period; and benefit of clergy; and the death penalty; Declaration of Rights; and economic regulation; and the federal framework; and “lawless law,” parole in; and the penitentiary system; rape convictions in; during the republican period; and slavery; and victimless crime; and women and criminal justice

Voas, Robert

Voire dire process

Vollmer, August

Volstead Act

Voting

Voting Rights Act

Walker, Samuel

Wallace, George

Walling, George

Wall Street Journal

Warhol, Andy

Warner, Sam B.

Warren, Earl

Warren, George

Warren, John H., Jr.

Washington, D.C.; imprisonment of black men in, statistics on; police in

Washington, George

Washington (state)

Watch and Ward Society

Watson, Ella (“Cattle Kate”)

Waukesha Reformatory

Webb v. United States

Weber, Max

Weeks, Levi

Weeks v. United States

Weisberg, Robert

Wells, Alice S.

West Virginia; and the death penalty; felony filings statistics for; and prisoners’ rights

Wharton, Francis

Wheeler v. Goodman

Whipping: during the colonial period; during the republican period

White, Byron

White, Dan

White, Joseph

White, Richard

White, Roy

White, Stanford

White-collar crimes. See also Antitrust law

Whitlock, William

Whitmire, James

Whitney, Charlotte A.

Whitney v. California

Wickersham, George W.

Wickersham Commission

Wigmore, John

Wild, Jonathan

Wilgen, John

Willebrandt, Mabel

Willemse, Cornelius

Williams, Polly

Willis, William

Wilson, George E.

Wilson, James Q.

Wilson, O. W.

Wilson, Woodrow

Wilson v. United States

Wines, E. C.

Wisconsin

Witchcraft

“Wobblies,”

Wolfgang, Marvin

Wolf v. Colorado

Women’s Christian Temperance Union

Women’s movement

Wood, Abiel

Woolsey, John M.

World War I

World War II and the attack on Pearl Harbor; internment of Japanese-Americans during; period after, as an age of crime; public attitudes toward sexuality after; wage and price controls during

Wright Act

Wunder, John

Wyoming; and public health; and victimless crime

Yale Law School

Yates v. United States

Yeats, Sarah

Yick Wo v. Hopkins

Young, George O.

Young, Minnie

Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA)

Zangara, Giuseppe

Zeisel, Hans

Zenger, John Peter

Zimring, Franklin E.

a

It should be pointed out, however, that the further back in history one goes, the more this pat distinction between “civil” and “criminal” tends to blur. In some older cultures, the line between private vengeance and public prosecution was indistinct or completely absent. Even in our own history, we shall see some evidence that the cleavage between “public” and “private” enforcement was not always deep and pervasive : see, for example, the discussion of the vigilante movements of the Old West in chapter 8.

b

Nobody knows how effective these controls are. There have been, however, a few natural experiments—situations in which the law takes a holiday. Police strikes are one example. Another took place in Denmark, in 1944, when the Germans, who had occupied