Day of Empire_ How Hyperpowers Rise to Global Dominance--And Why They Fall - Amy Chua [193]
2. I. Schöffer, “Introduction,” in J.C.H. Blom, R. G. Fuks-Mansfeld, and I. Schöffer, eds., The History of the Jews in the Netherlands, Arnold J. Pomer-ans and Erica Pomerans, trans. (Oxford: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2002), pp. 9-10; Mark T. Hooker, The History of Holland (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1999), pp. 3, 14, 87-90.
3. Schama, The Embarrassment of Riches, p. 44. On the watery, inauspicious origins of the Netherlands before its dramatic rise, see Jonathan I. Israel, The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall, 1477-1806 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995), pp. 9-10; Hooker, The History of Holland, pp. 7-8. The “sand and mud dump” description is from Joh. Van Veen, Dredge, Drain, Reclaim (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1948), p. 11.
4. B.M.J. Speet, “The Middle Ages,” in The History of the Jews in the Netherlands, p. 18; Israel, Empires and Entrepots, p. x; J. L. van Zanden, The Rise and Decline of Holland's Economy (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993), p. 19.
5. Speet, “The Middle Ages,” pp. 21, 26-29.
6. See Thomas Colley Grattan, Holland: The History of the Netherlands (New York: Peter Fenelon Collier, 1899), pp. 84-94; Hooker, The History of Holland, pp. 77-79; Israel, The Dutch Republic, pp. 27-28, 34-35; Immanuel Wallerstein, Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century, vol. 1 of The Modern World-System (San Diego: Academic Press, 1980), pp. 180-81. On the rise of Calvinism, the early Dutch Reformation, and growing conflict under Philip I, see Grattan, pp. 96-98; Israel, chaps. 5 and 6, especially pp. 101-5, 129, 14117, 193-94; Charles Wilson, The Dutch Republic and the Civilisation of the Seventeenth Century (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968), pp. 8-9.
7. The quote is from Israel, The Dutch Republic, pp. 155-56; see also pp. 140-54, 157, 160-61, 164, 167, 169, 177-80; Hooker, The History of Holland, pp. 83-87; P.J.A.N. Rietbergen and G.H.J. Seegers, A Short History of the Netherlands (Amersfoort, Netherlands: Bekking Publishers Amersfoort, 1992), pp. 67-76.
8. Hooker, The History of Holland, pp. 83-87; Israel, The Dutch Republic, pp. 184-86, 198-99, 202, 209, 213-14; Rietbergen and Seegers, A Short History of the Netherlands, pp. 67-76. The Hooft quote is from Schama, The Embarrassment of Riches, p. 86. The text of the Oath of Abjuration can be found at Oliver J. Thatcher, ed., The Library of Original Sources, vol. 5 (Milwaukee: University Research Extension Co., 1907), p. 190.
9. Hooker, The History of Holland, pp. 88-89; Israel, The Dutch Republic, pp. 208-10, 212-13, 218-30; Rietbergen and Seegers, A Short History of the Netherlands, p. 76.
10. Israel, Empires and Entrepots, p. ix; Immanuel Wallerstein, Mercantilism and the Consolidation of the European World-Economy, 1600-1750, vol. 2 of The Modern World-System (San Diego: Academic Press, 1980), p. 38.
11. Wiebe Bergsma, “Church, State, and People,” in Karel Davids and Jan Lucassen, eds., A Miracle Mirrored: The Dutch Republic in European Perspective (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), pp. 196-97, 2021, 217, 223; Israel, The Dutch Republic, pp. 392, 637-76; Schama, The Embarrassment of Riches, pp. 61-62.
12. Schama, The Embarrassment of Riches, pp. 587-89, 594; Daniel M. Swetschinski, “From the Middle Ages to the Golden Age, 1516-1621,” and Yosef Kaplan, “The Jews in the Republic Until About 1750: Religious, Cultural, and Social Life,” both in The History of the Jews in the Netherlands, pp. 68-71, 117, 126-27, 13710, 14214.
13. Schama, The Embarrassment of Riches, pp. 266-67; see also Israel, The Dutch Republic, pp. 639-40. The quotes from Balzac and Mundy can be found in Bergsma, “Church, State, and People,” pp. 196, 203.
14. Israel, The Dutch Republic, pp. 308, 319-20, 328, 374-75, 621, 657-58, 786, 910; Van Zanden, The Rise and Decline of Holland's Economy,