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47. See, e.g., Yasheng Huang and Tarun Khanna, “Can India Overtake China?,” Foreign Policy, July/Aug. 2003, p. 74.

48. “Great Indian Hope Trick,” p. 290.

TWELVE: THE DAY OF EMPIRE: LESSONS OF HISTORY

Epigraph: The quoted passage is from “Four Quartets: Little Gidding,” in T. S. Eliot, The Complete Poems and Plays, 1909-1950 (New York: Har-court, Brace & World, Inc., 1971), p. 145.

1. See Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man (New York: Avon Books, 1992); Thomas L. Friedman, The Lexus and the Olive Tree (New York: Anchor Books, 2000), pp. ix, xvi, 12.

2. See Josef Joffe, Überpower: The Imperial Temptation of America (New York: W. W. Norton, 2006), pp. 38-39, 43-44.

3. Office of the President, “The National Security Strategy of the United States of America,” Sept. 2002, available at www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/nss.pdf.

4. See Thomas L. Friedman, “Axis of Appeasement,” New York Times, Mar. 18, 2004, p. 33; Christopher Hitchens, “Against Rationalization,” The Nation, vol. 273, no. 10 (Oct. 8, 2001), p. 8; Bill Van Auken, “Friedman on Iraq: The ‘Thinking’ Behind the New York Times Debate,” Oct. 25, 2005, available at www.wsws.org/articles/2005/oct2005/frie-o25.shtml.

5. See Niall Ferguson, Colossus: The Price of America's Empire (New York: Penguin, 2004), pp. 3, 301-2; Deepak Lai, In Praise of Empires: Globalization and Order (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), p. 215; Irving Kristol, “The Neoconservative Persuasion,” Weekly Standard, Aug. 25, 2003, pp. 23-25; Max Boot, “The Case for American Empire,” Weekly Standard, Oct. 15, 2001, p. 27.

6. See, e.g., Kenneth M. Pollack, “Spies, Lies, and Weapons: What Went Wrong,” The Atlantic Monthly, Jan./Feb. 2004, pp. 78-92.

7. Jeffrey M. Jones, “Bush Approval Rating Remains Low,” Gallup News Service, Mar. 6, 2007; “Poll: Iraq Going Badly and Getting Worse,” CBS News, Dec. 11, 2006, available at www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/12/ll/opinion/polls/printable2247797.shtml.

8. Pierre Briant, From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire, Peter T. Daniels, trans. (Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 2002), p. 193.

9. Craige B. Champion, Roman Imperialism: Readings and Sources (Maiden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishing, 2004), pp. 30-33, 50-51, 164-70; Michael Grant, The History of Rome (London: Faber and Faber, 1979), p. 237.

10. See C. R. Boxer, The Dutch Seaborne Empire: 1600-1800 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1965), pp. xxv, 188, 190, 194, 198, 220.

11. Immanuel Wallerstein, Mercantilism and the Consolidation of the European World-Economy, 1600-1750, vol. 2 of The Modern World-System (San Diego: Academic Press, 1980), pp. 45, 63-64.

12. Max Boot, The Savage Wars of Peace: Small Wars and the Rise of American Power (New York: Basic Books, 2002), p. 55.

13. Niall Ferguson, Colossus: The Price of America's Empire, p. 33.

14. John Steele Gordon, An Empire of Wealth: The Epic History of American Economic Power (New York: HarperPerennial, 2004), pp. xiv-xv.

15. Niall Ferguson, Empire: How Britain Made the Modern World (London: Allen Lane, 2003), pp. 164, 302, 325, 341; Lawrence James, Raj: The Making and Unmaking of British India (London: Little, Brown and Company, 1997), pp. 352, 439, 456.

16. Briant, From Cyrus to Alexander, p. 868.

17. See Joffe, Oberpower: The Imperial Temptation of America, pp. 77-78; Thomas Olmstead, Bay Fang, Eduardo Cue, and Masha Gessen, “A World of Resentment,” U.S. News & World Report, Mar. 5, 2001, p. 32.

18. Stephen M. Walt, “Taming American Power,” Foreign Affairs, vol. 84, no. 5 (Sept./Oct. 2005), p. 105; Survey Results: “America's Image Further Erodes, Europeans Want Weaker Ties,” Mar. 18, 2003, available on the Pew Foundation Web site.

19. “U.S. Draws Negative Ratings in Poll,” Associated Press, Mar. 5, 2007, available on Yahoo. news.

20. Olmstead, Fang, Cue, and Gessen, “A World of Resentment,” p. 32.

21. Samuel P. Huntington, Who Are We? The Challenges to America's National Identity