Edison and the Electric Chair_ A Story of Light and Death - Mark Essig [131]
8. Margaret Rowbottom and Charles Susskind, Electricity and Medicine: History of Their Interaction (San Francisco: San Francisco Press, 1984), 15-30; Samuel J. Rogal, "Electricity: John Wesley's 'Curious and Important Subject,'" Eighteenth Century Life 13 (November 1989): 79-90.
9. Marcello Pera, The Ambiguous Frog: The Galvani-Volta Controversy on Animal Electricity, trans. Jonathan Mandelbaum (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1992), 19-24, 53-86; Rowbottom and Susskind, Electricity and Medicine, 37-42.
10. Quoted in Joost Mertens, "Shocks and Sparks: The Voltaic Pile as a Demonstration Device," Isis 89 (1998): 303; Rowbottom and Susskind, Electricity and Medicine, 42-43.
11. Jan Golinski, Science as Public Culture: Chemistry and Enlightenment in Britain, 1760-1820 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 188-235.
12. W James King, "The Development of Electrical Technology in the 19th Century, Part 3: The Early Arc Light and Generator," United States National Museum Bulletin 228, paper 30 (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1962), 345.
13. Paul Israel, From Machine Shop to Industrial Laboratory: Telegraphy and the Changing Context of American Invention, 1830-1920 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992), 24-51; Herbert Ohlman, "Information," in An Encyclopaedia of the History of Technology, ed. Ian McNeil (New York: Routledge, 1990), 710-17; Iwan Rhys Morus, Frankenstein s Children: Electricity, Exhibition, and Experiment in Early-Nineteenth-Century London (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1998), 194-230; G. R. M. Garratt, "Telegraphy," in A History of Technology, 5 vols., ed. Charles Singer et al. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1958), 4:644-62.
14. Quotations from Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace, Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 675, 677. Also see Israel, From Machine Shop to Industrial Laboratory, 37-56.
15. Israel, From Machine Shop to Industrial Laboratory, 55,103-16; Ohlman, "Information," 710-17; Garratt, "Telegraphy," 644-62.
CHAPTER 2. THE INVENTOR
1. Edison's Autobiographical Notes, September 11, 1908 (TAEB 1:630); Paul Israel, Edison: A Life of Invention (New York: Wiley, 1998), 6-19; Neil Baldwin, Edison: Inventing the Century (New York: Hyperion, 1995), 28-32.
2. Quotations from Robert Conot, A Streak of Luck (New York: Seaview, 1979), 8-9. Also see Israel, Edison, 6-11.
3. Quotation from Israel, Edison, 17.
4. "Edison's Autobiographical Notes," September 11, 1908 (TAEB 1:630); Israel, Edison, 6-19; Baldwin, Edison, 28-37.
5. Quotation from TAEB 1:662-63. Also see Israel, Edison, 22.
6. Quotation from Israel, Edison, 22. Also see Conot, Streak of Luck, 27-28.
7. Quotations from Baldwin, Edison, 47; Telegrapher 5 (January 30, 1889): 183 (TAEB 1:111). Also see Israel, Edison, 20-47.
8. Edison's Autobiographical Notes, September 11, 1908 (TAEB 1:633-41); Israel, Edison, 40-55.
9. Quotation from Edison to Samuel and Nancy Edison, October 30, 1870 (TAEB 1:212).
10. Israel, Edison, 55-101.
11. Quotation from ibid., 66.
12. Quotations from Thomas P. Hughes, American Genesis: A Century of Invention and Technological Enthusiasm (New York: Penguin, 1989), 28; Israel, Edison, 120.
13. TAEB 2:444.
14. Quotation from New York Sun, April 29, 1878 (TAEM 94:186). Also see "Edison's Autobiographical Notes" (TAEB 4:859, 863); Israel, Edison, 130-46; Matthew Josephson, Edison (NewYork: McGraw-Hill, 1959), 165-74; Conot, Streak of Luck, 108-9.
15. Quotations from Andre Millard, Edison and the Business of Innovation (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990), 22; New York Daily Graphic, April 10, 1878 (TAEM 94:158).
16. Wyn Wachhorst, Thomas Alva Edison: An American Myth (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1981), 21-22.
17. Quotation from "Edison's Autobiographical Notes," September 11, 1908 (TAEB 4:858). Also see Israel, Edison,